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Main potential mechanisms of cepharanthine against SARS-CoV-2. (A) Cepharanthine blocks the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ACE2, thereby inhibiting the entry of SARS-CoV-2. (B) Cepharanthine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion and plays an antiviral role. (C) Cepharanthine inhibits NPC1 protein, regulates lysosomal cholesterol and pH, and disrupts cellular/lysosome lipid homeostasis, thereby exerting the activity against SARS-CoV-2.
