Table 4.
Odds ratios between Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and gastric adenocarcinoma by anatomical location and histological subtype in cases versus controls II, GE4GAC-Brazil (2016–2022).
| E-DII Quartiles | Per 1-Point Increment in theE-DII Score |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (−5.09, −2.04) |
Q2 (−2.03, −0.83) |
Q3 (−0.82, 0.25) |
Q4 (>0.25) |
p-Trend ‡ | ||
| OR | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| All 1 | ||||||
| Cases/Controls | 65/194 | 119/194 | 156/194 | 152/195 | 492/777 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.83 (1.28–2.65) | 2.41 (1.69–3.44) | 2.35 (1.65–3.36) | 1.20 (1.11–1.29) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 a | 1.00 | 1.42 (0.91–2.22) | 2.27 (1.44–3.58) | 2.70 (1.60–4.54) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | <0.001 |
| Anatomical location 2 | ||||||
| Cardia | ||||||
| Cases/Controls | 11/194 | 30/194 | 24/194 | 36/195 | 101/777 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 2.72 (1.33–5.60) | 2.18 (1.04–4.58) | 3.27 (1.62–6.62) | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) | 0.002 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.87 (0.84–4.15) | 2.18 (0.95–5.04) | 3.31 (1.32–8.24) | 1.31 (1.08–1.60) | 0.007 |
| Non-cardia | ||||||
| Cases/Controls | 48/194 | 84/194 | 118/194 | 103/195 | 352/777 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.75 (1.17–2.63) | 2.46 (1.66–3.63) | 2.15 (1.44–3.19) | 1.18 (1.08–1.28) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.44 (0.86–2.39) | 2.43 (1.44–4.09) | 2.97 (1.64–5.39) | 1.30 (1.14–1.50) | <0.001 |
| Histological subtype 2 | ||||||
| Diffuse | ||||||
| Cases/Controls | 28/194 | 48/194 | 71/194 | 56/195 | 203/777 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 1.71 (1.03–2.85) | 2.53 (1.56–4.10) | 2.00 (1.21–3.26) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29) | 0.005 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.73–2.43) | 2.80 (1.54–5.10) | 2.48 (1.23–5.00) | 1.26 (1.08–1.48) | 0.003 |
| Intestinal | ||||||
| Cases/Controls | 23/194 | 46/194 | 54/194 | 51/195 | 174/777 | |
| Crude | 1.00 | 2.00 (1.17–3.43) | 2.35 (1.38–3.98) | 2.21 (1.30–3.75) | 1.17 (1.05–1.31) | 0.006 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.66 (0.89–3.06) | 2.52 (1.34–4.74) | 2.82 (1.38–5.74) | 1.30 (1.10–1.51) | 0.002 |
1 Binary logistic regression. 2 Multinomial logistic regression. The mixed histological subtype was not considered due to the number of cases < 30. Reference: Quartile 1 (maximum anti-inflammatory diet). OR: Odds ratio. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Model 1: adjusted for sex, age (years), marital status, schooling, self-reported ethnicity, family history of cancer in first-degree relatives, study region, PPIs/H2RAs, antacids, NSAIDs, aspirin, nutritional supplement, BMI (categories), tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, sodium intake (g/day). a Hosmer–Lemeshow test = 11.00, p = 0.20 (E-DII quartiles) and 11.92, p = 0.16 (E-DII continuous). ‡ p-value for trend derived from models using the E-DII continuous variable.