Figure 2. Synthetic intravenous hemostats and low volume resuscitants.
A) Nanoparticle systems recapitulate one or multiple characteristics of platelets - adhesion, aggregation, clot retraction, activation, and biophysical. B) Synthetic soluble polymer systems improve biodistribution (compared to nanoparticles), and target both primary and secondary hemostasis. C) Polypeptides self-assemble at the wound site to increase the mechanical strength of clots or disrupt native enzymatic activity. D) Low volume resuscitants consisting of PEG-20k act as both a cell impermeant and a traditional colloid which drives water from the intracellular space and interstitial space to the intravascular space. Figure 2A was modified from [24] by under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Figure 2C was modified from [33] under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.