Table 2.

Antimicrobial activity of selected cephalosporins in the presence of Cu²⁺ compared to antibiotic alone.

	Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Antibiotics in the Presence of Copper
Antibiotic	E. coli	S. aureus	K. pneumoniae	P. mirabilis	S. enteriditis	S. sonnei	B. subtilis
Cephalexin	↑ [5,57,58]	↑ [57,58] No changes [5]	No changes [58]	↑ [58]	↑ [58]
Cephadroxil	No changes [62]						No changes [62]
Cefradine	↑ [57,59]	↓ [57,59]		↓ [59]	↓ [59]	↓ [59]
Cefazolin	↑ [57] No changes [60]	No changes [57,60]	No changes [60]		No changes [60]		No changes [60]
Cefaclor	↑ [5]	No changes [5]
Ceftriaxone	↓ [5,57,60,61]	↓ [5,57,60,61]	↓ [60]		↓ [60]		↓ [60] ↑ [57]
Ceftazidime	No changes [5]	↓ [5]
Cefepime	↑ [60]	↑ [60]	↓ [60]				No changes [60]

Information on antimicrobial activity in Table 1 is based on the observed MIC changes (↑—increased effect; ↓—decreased effect).