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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Acc Chem Res. 2023 May 10;56(12):1494–1504. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00088

Figure 3. Two-dimensional crowding effect on protein folding.

Figure 3.

(a) Zinc finger covalently linked to palmitic acid for surface anchoring; zinc ion induces folding of the N-terminus from the disordered structure to the β-hairpin; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (DG) is used as a spacer to control the crowding at the air/water interface. (b) Chiral and achiral SFG spectra in the amide I region under three conditions: (i) without Zn2+ and without DG spacer lipid (red); (ii) with Zn2+ and without DG (blue), (iii) with Zn2+ and with DG (green). Adapted with permission from ref 1. Copyright 2018 the Royal Society of Chemistry.