Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of the non-stroke and stroke groups.
| Variables | Non-stroke (n = 129) |
Stroke (n = 43) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 65.2 ± 13.9 | 66.0 ± 14.5 | .764 |
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 45 (34.9%) | 21 (48.8%) | |
| Female (%) | 84 (65.1%) | 22 (51.2%) | .105 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 5.2 | 23.6 ± 4.4 | .587 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| History of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) | |||
| CVD without neurological deficit | 9 (7.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | .739 |
| CVD with neurological deficit | 2 (1.6%) | 4 (9.3%) | .035* |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 32 (24.8%) | 11 (25.6%) | .919 |
| Hypertension | |||
| Well controlled hypertension | 30 (23.3%) | 12 (27.9%) | .544 |
| Uncontrolled hypertension | 53 (41.1%) | 23 (53.5%) | .162 |
| Dyslipidemia | 71 (55.0%) | 25 (58.1%) | .723 |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||
| Stage 2–3 (eGFR 30–89.9 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 81 (62.8%) | 27 (62.8%) | 1.000 |
| Stage ≥ 4 (eGFR ≤ 29.9 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 8 (6.2%) | 8 (18.6%) | .028* |
| Liver cirrhosis | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 8 (6.2%) | 6 (14.0%) | .117 |
| Coronary artery disease | 19 (14.7%) | 9 (20.9%) | .342 |
| Structural heart disease | 7 (5.4%) | 4 (9.3%) | .374 |
| Respiratory disease | 9 (7.0%) | 2 (4.7%) | .592 |
| ASA physical status classification (%) | |||
| 1–2 | 75 (58.1%) | 11 (25.6%) | |
| ≥3 | 54 (41.9%) | 32 (74.4%) | <.001* |
| Preoperative testing abnormalities (%) | |||
| Metabolic acidosis | 5 (3.9%) | 17 (39.5%) | <.001* |
| Abnormal electrocardiogram | 43 (33.3%) | 20 (46.5%) | .122 |
| Abnormal chest radiography | 44 (34.1%) | 25 (58.1%) | .006* |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number (%).
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, CVD = Cerebrovascular disease, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
P value < .05 considered statistically significant.