TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristics | Overall Cohort | Propensity-Matched Cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vasopressora (n = 187) | No Vasopressor (n = 1,611) | p | Vasopressora (n = 187) | No Vasopressor (n = 187) | p | |
| Age (yr) | 61 ± 15 | 57 ± 16 | 0.002d | 61 ± 15 | 61 ± 15 | 0.65d |
| Sex (male) | 104 (56%) | 944 (59%) | 0.44 | 104 (56%) | 96 (51%) | 0.47 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 131 (70%) | 1,127 (70%) | 0.87 | 131 (70%) | 123 (66%) | 0.44 |
| African American | 45 (24%) | 348 (22%) | 0.52 | 45 (24%) | 51 (27%) | 0.48 |
| Asian | 6 (3%) | 29 (2%) | 0.26 | 6 (3%) | 6 (3%) | > 0.99 |
| Otherb | 5 (3%) | 89 (6%) | 0.12 | 5 (3%) | 6 (3%) | 0.77 |
| Hispanic | 12 (6%) | 123 (8%) | 0.66 | 12 (6%) | 14 (8%) | 0.84 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 8.7 | 28.4 ± 8.1 | 0.44e | 29.2 ± 8.7 | 29.0 ± 8.1 | 0.56e |
| Hypertension | 57 (31%) | 562 (35%) | 0.26 | 57 (31%) | 60 (32%) | 0.82 |
| Congestive heart failure | 31 (17%) | 184 (11%) | 0.04 | 31 (17%) | 33 (18%) | 0.89 |
| Coronary artery disease | 22 (12%) | 183 (11%) | 0.90 | 22 (12%) | 26 (14%) | 0.64 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 23 (12%) | 173 (11%) | 0.54 | 23 (12%) | 28 (15%) | 0.55 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 24 (13%) | 264 (16%) | 0.25 | 24 (13%) | 31 (17%) | 0.38 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 10 (5%) | 106 (7%) | 0.64 | 10 (5%) | 10 (5%) | > 0.99 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 11 (6%) | 127 (8%) | 0.39 | 11 (6%) | 16 (9%) | 0.43 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (24%) | 373 (23%) | 0.78 | 45 (24%) | 54 (29%) | 0.35 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 19 (10%) | 153 (10%) | 0.79 | 19 (10%) | 18 (10%) | > 0.99 |
| End-stage renal disease | 15 (8%) | 65 (4%) | 0.02 | 15 (8%) | 14 (8%) | > 0.99 |
| Cirrhosis | 33 (18%) | 210 (13%) | 0.09 | 33 (18%) | 37 (20%) | 0.69 |
| Indications for intubation | 0.008 | 0.62 | ||||
| Acute respiratory failure | 93 (50%) | 720 (45%) | 93 (50%) | 98 (52%) | ||
| Altered mental status | 59 (32%) | 631 (39%) | 59 (32%) | 56 (30%) | ||
| Emergency procedure | 11 (6%) | 118 (7%) | 11 (6%) | 16 (9%) | ||
| Hemodynamic instability | 9 (5%) | 21 (1%) | 9 (5%) | 8 (4%) | ||
| Other | 15 (8%) | 121 (8%) | 15 (8%) | 9 (5%) | ||
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II | 22 (17–28) | 17 (12–22) | < 0.001d | 22 (17–28) | 23 (16–28) | 0.80d |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | 12 (8–15) | 12 (7–15) | 0.50e | 12 (8–15) | 12 (8–14) | 0.82e |
| Sepsisc | < 0.001 | 0.72 | ||||
| Sepsis | 54 (29%) | 479 (30%) | 54 (29%) | 47 (25%) | ||
| Septic shock | 82 (44%) | 186 (12%) | 82 (44%) | 87 (47%) | ||
| Active cardiac conditions | 0.25 | 0.54 | ||||
| Heart failure | 7 (4%) | 44 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 8 (4%) | ||
| Acute coronary syndrome | 6 (3%) | 31 (2%) | 6 (3%) | 4 (2%) | ||
| Cardiogenic shock | 4 (2%) | 15 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 5 (3%) | ||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 26 (14%) | 148 (9%) | 0.05 | 26 (14%) | 28 (15%) | 0.88 |
| Trauma admission | 2 (1%) | 167 (10%) | < 0.001 | 2 (1%) | 5 (3%) | 0.45 |
| COVID-19 | 14 (8%) | 63 (4%) | 0.03 | 14 (8%) | 15 (8%) | > 0.99 |
a
Prophylactic administration of vasopressor bolus or dose increase prior to or at induction.
b
Other race included native American, native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander.
c
Sepsis was defined following the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) (28).
d
p value from t test.
e
p value from Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Values are expressed as mean ± sd, median (interquartile range), and count (%).