Table 1.
Demographics of survey participants
| No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All participants (n = 455; 100%) | Skin lightening agent users | Skin lightening agent nonusers |
| (n = 97; 21.3%) | (n = 358; 78.7%) | ||
| Age (median [25%–75%]) | 41 (29–54) | 44 (30–56) | 39 (29–35) |
| Gender | |||
| Man | 74 (16.3) | 10 (10.3) | 64 (17.8) |
| Woman | 364 (80.0) | 82 (84.5) | 282 (78.7) |
| Nonbinary | 16 (3.5) | 4 (4.1) | 12 (3.4) |
| Other | 1 (0.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black or African American | 238 (52.3) | 61 (62.9) | 177 (49.4) |
| Asian | 83 (18.2) | 20 (20.6) | 63 (17.6) |
| East Asian | 46 (10.1) | 10 (10.3) | 36 (10.1) |
| South Asian | 34 (7.5) | 9 (9.3) | 25 (7.0) |
| Other Asian | 3 (0.7) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (0.6) |
| Hispanic | 31 (6.8) | 5 (5.2) | 26 (7.3) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 14 (3.1) | 2 (2.1) | 12 (3.3) |
| Other race | 5 (1.1) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (1.1) |
| Multiracial | 84 (18.5) | 8 (8.2) | 76 (21.2) |
| Region of residence | |||
| Northeast | 93 (20.4) | 17 (17.5) | 76 (21.2) |
| Midwest | 92 (20.2) | 20 (20.6) | 72 (20.1) |
| South | 202 (44.4) | 45 (46.4) | 157 (43.9) |
| West | 68 (14.9) | 15 (15.5) | 53 (14.8) |
| Highest level of education | |||
| Less than high school | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.8) |
| High school diploma | 67 (14.7) | 13 (13.4) | 54 (15.1) |
| Associate degree | 66 (14.5) | 20 (20.6) | 46 (12.8) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 153 (33.6) | 31 (32.0) | 122 (34.1) |
| Graduate degree | 166 (36.5) | 33 (34.0) | 133 (37.2) |
| Immigration generational statusa | |||
| First generation | 67 (14.7) | 15 (15.5) | 52 (14.5) |
| Second generation | 142 (31.2) | 36 (37.1) | 106 (29.6) |
a
First-generation individuals are defined in this study as foreign-born individuals; Second-generation individuals are defined as US-born individuals with at least 1 parent who is foreign-born.