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. 2023 Jun 29;13:1202575. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202575

Table 2.

Associations of frailty level and medical financial hardship among older adults with cancer.

Financial hardship measures Robust
(Ref)
Pre-frail Frail
% % OR (95%CI)a p % OR (95%CI)a p
Material 4.6 8.4 1.70 (1.13, 2.58) 0.012 18.4 3.19 (2.16, 4.69) <0.001
Psychological 26.0 27.3 1.00 (0.81, 1.25) 0.976 38.0 1.47 (1.15, 1.88) 0.002
Behavioral 13.9 19.9 1.50 (1.15, 1.94) 0.003 30.8 2.45 (1.85, 3.24) <0.001
 Needed but didn’t get care 7.9 12.5 1.61 (1.17, 2.22) 0.004 22.7 2.90 (2.06, 4.06) <0.001
 Delayed medical care 11.9 16.8 1.43 (1.08, 1.90) 0.013 26.2 2.26 (1.68, 3.03) <0.001
 Other changes 2.0 3.5 1.67 (0.97, 2.87) 0.065 5.1 2.19 (1.23, 3.92) 0.008

a ORs were conducted by multivariable logistic regressions. All regressions were controlled for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, health insurance coverage, family income, geographic region, survey years, number of cancer diagnoses, and time since diagnosis.