Table 3.

A brief summary of the 3D printed implants in wrist joints applications.

Clinic cases	Prosthesis Type	Material	Printing techniques	Outcome	Country/year	Ref
Lunate density was uneven and the height and width of lunate were collapsed	lunate prosthesis	/	/	Able to use wrist with mild pain during sport activities after 12 months. No weakness and numbness. Nearly full range of motion and grasp force. No degenerative arthritis and prosthetic dislocation. Prosthesis placed in original anatomic position	China/2018	[166]
Distal radius giant cell tumor (GCT)	uncemented shaft and stem coated with HA	Titanium	EBM	No tumor recurrence, metastasis or amputation. No degenerative changes or complications. Reliefed from pain. Improvement in ROM and Mayo wrist score, decrese in DASH score.	China/2018	[168]
Lunate replacement arthroplasty with Kienböck's Disease in Different Stages	3D printed lunate prosthesis	Ti6Al4V	EBM	No prosthesis dislocation or subluxation. Significantly increment in extension range and flexion range. No incision infections, cysts, or synovitis in the radial or carpal bones.	China/2020	[169]
Osteosarcoma of distal radius	3D printed porous tantalum prosthesis	Tantalum	/	Fast recovery with occasional slight pain. No local recurrence and lung metastasis, slight bone resorption between prosthesis and radius 24 months after operation	China/2021	[165]