Table 8.

A brief summary of the 3D printed implants in pelvic applications.

Clinic cases	Prosthesis Type	Material	Printing techniques	Outcome	Country/year	Ref
Left-side acetabular fracture	completely-attached, customized, titanium alloy bone plates	Ti6Al4V	SLM	Reduced implant numbers for patients, minimized surgery incision, reduced operation time, well matched with the fracture block	China/2016	[248]
Recurrence of chondrosarcoma, loosening of the semi-pelvic prosthesis and a broken screw	pelvic prosthesis with sacrum component and acetabulum component	Ti6Al4V	EBM	Prosthesis in good position, good ROM and stability, HHS increased from 42 preoperatively to 81 postoperatively.	China/2018	[249]
Chondroblastic osteosarcoma with no neurological dysfunction	sacral implant	Ti6Al4V medical grade powder	EBM	Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score decreased from 8 immediately after surgery to 3 a year after surgery. No complications observed one year after surgery. Prosthesis well maintained at one year after surgery. Bone ingrowth into the titanium porous structure and bone fusion between medial side of right sacrum	Korea/2017	[252]
Bone reconstruction after pelvic tumor resection	reconstruction prosthesis with porous structure	Ti6Al4V	EBM	Better performance in terms of average incision length, duration of surgery, blood loss during operation and MSTS score compared with conventional nail-rod fixation system. No incision infection, no implants loosening or breakage, no tumor recurrence	China/2021	[247]
Bony defect reconstruction after pelvic tumor resection	3D-printed anatomically conforming pelvic prosthesis	Ti6Al4V	/	No local recurrence or distant metastases, no sign of hip dislocation, prosthetic loosening, no delayed wound healing or periprosthetic infection.	China/2020	[245]
Reconstruction after pelvic bone tumor resection	3D-printed mesh-style titanium spacer/anatomical plate	Ti6Al4V ELI Powder	EBM	Normal gait with mild or no pain, improved MSTS score	South Korea/2021	[253]