Table 3.
Examples of nanocarriers as drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment
| Category | Characteristic | Composition | Drug | Cell lines | References |
| Liposomes | Passive targeting | TPGS-liposomes | Docetaxel | A549/ADR cells | [84] |
| Passive targeting | Pluronic P105-liposomes-paclitaxel (PPL) | Paclitaxel, ambroxol | A549/ADR cells | [85] | |
| Active targeting-CD44 receptor | Hyaluronic acid-liposomes | Baicalein, DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [114] | |
| Active targeting-nucleolin | Liposomes-aptamer (AS1411) | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [128] | |
| Polymeric nanoparticles and polymeric micelles | Passive targeting | PLGA | Vincristine, Verapamil | MCF-7/ADR cells | [91] |
| Active targeting | ICG-IONP&PLGA-CS&CCM (PIO-PCSCM) | DOX, Mcl-1 siRNA | MCF-7/ADR cells | [130] | |
| Active targeting-transferrin receptor | PLGA-(D-penicillamine-Au-Cu)-transferrin | - | MDA-MB-231 cellsMDA-MB-468 cells | [117] | |
| Passive targeting | PEG | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [136] | |
| pH-sensitive | PLGA-TPGS | DOX, Chloroquine | A549/Taxol cells | [149] | |
| Dendrimers | Passive targeting | PAMAM-PEG-DOPE | MDR-1 siRNA, DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [98] |
| Passive targeting | Pluronic F68 (PF68)-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [100] | |
| Passive targeting | PAMAM-PEG-DOPE-mAb 2C5 | DOX, MDR1 siRNA | MDA-MB-231 | [154] | |
| Inorganic nanoparticles | pH-sensitive | Polydopamine (PDA) + MSN + ZIF-8 (PDAMSN@ZIF-8) | DOX, Curcumin | MCF-7/ADR cells | [106] |
| Passive targeting | Trimethoxysilylpropyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid (EDT)-IONPs | DOX | MDCK-MDR1 cells | [107] | |
| graphene oxide (GO)-molecular beacons (MBs) | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [109] | ||
| pH-sensitive | Au nanorod cluster (AuCR) | DOX, Curcumin | MCF-7/ADR cells | [111] | |
| Passive targeting Photothermal therapy | Phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol)-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pab-MWCNTs) | P-gp antibodies | 3T3-MDR1 cells NCI/ADR-RES cells | [137] | |
| Active targeting-MUC1 | MSN-MUC1 | Navitoclax, S63845 | MDA-MB-231 cells | [142] | |
| Active targeting | Cancer cell membrane (CCM)-calcium carbonate (CC) | MiR-451, DOX | BIU-87/ADR cells | [155] | |
| Active targeting-CD44 receptor photothermal chemotherapy | Molybdenum disulfide-(MoS2) | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [160] | |
| Passive targetingphotodynamic therapy | Acetylated chondroitin sulfate (AC-CS) | Protoporphyrin IX, DOX, Apatinib | MCF-7/ADR cells | [165] | |
| Protein nanoparticles | Active targeting-folate receptor | folate-human serum albumin (FA-HSANPs) | Taxol, 2-ME | EC109/Taxol cells | [115] |
| Long internal circulation time | Bovine serum albumin (BSA) | Docetaxel, Quercetin | MDA-MB-231 cells | [147] | |
| Active targeting-EGFR | Human serum albumin (HSA) | DOX, MDR1 siRNA, Cetuximab | MCF-7/ADR cells | [156] | |
| DNA/RNA | Active targeting-MUC1 | MUC1 aptamer-(P-gp and Bcl-2) antisense oligonucleotides | DOX | MCF-7/ADR cells | [127] |
| Others | Active targeting-folate receptor | Folate-planetary ball milled (PBM) nanoparticles | Resveratrol, Docetaxel | PC3/ADR cells | [175] |
| Passive targetingPhotodynamic therapy | Lipid-coated carbon-silicon hybrid nanoparticles (LSC) | DOX | NCI/RES ADR cells | [161] |
ADR: Adriamycin; CD44: cluster of differentiation-44; DOPE: 1,2-dioleoyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DOX: doxorubicin; ICG: indocyanine green; IONP: iron oxide nanoparticle; MCF-7: breast cancer cells; MDCK: madin-darby canine kidney; MDR: multidrug resistance; ME: mercaptoethanol; MSN: mesoporous silica nanoparticle; MUC1: mucin 1; NCI/RES ADR cells: a multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PLGA: poly lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA-CS: (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid)-chitosan; RES: reticuloendothelial system; TPGS: tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate; ZIF: zeolitic imidazolate frameworks.