Fig. 1. Structural characterization of PtPdRhRuCu MMNs.

a Schematic illustration of the synthesis of PtPdRhRuCu MMNs. b SEM (scale bar: 100 nm), c HAADF–STEM (scale bar: 100 nm). Inset: The corresponding SAED pattern (scale bar: 5 nm⁻¹), d HRTEM (scale bar: 2 nm) (FFT patterns was shown inset), e atomic elemental mapping images (scale bar: 50 nm), f line-scanning results, g normalized atomic compositional profile, and h powder XRD pattern (compared to fcc Pt, PDF#04-0802) of the PtPdRhRuCu MMNs. Source data are provided as a Source data file.