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. 2023 Jul 13;14(7):426. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05969-9

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the primary regulatory mechanisms associated with ferroptosis.

Fig. 4

Lipid peroxidation is necessary for ferroptosis in individual cells, in which iron-induced ROS burst and the decrease of antioxidation are required. Several molecular mechanisms were reported to regulate the occurrence of ferroptosis, such as the system Xc-/GPX4 antioxidant axis, iron regulons NCOA4 and DMT1. Furthermore, ACSL4, LPCAT3, and ALOXs induced ferroptosis by influencing the levels of cellular lipid peroxides. ROS reactive oxygen species, Cys2 cystine, Cys cysteine, Glu glutamate, GSH glutathione, Gln glutamine, TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle, DHODH dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, CoQ coenzyme Q, GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4, PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids, ACSL4 acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, LPCAT3 lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3, FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, ALOX arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, TF transferrin, TFR1 transferrin receptor 1, DMT1 divalent metal transporter 1, Ft ferritin, FTH1 ferritin heavy chain, FTL ferritin light chain, NCOA4 nuclear receptor coactivator 4, Fer-1 ferrostatin-1, FPN ferroportin, LIP labile iron pool, SLC7A11 solute carrier family 7 member 11, SLC3A2 solute carrier family 3 member 2, STEAP3 six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3.