Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| Pre-manifest HD | Pre-manifest control | HD | HD control | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 16 | 16 | 20 | 20 | |
| Age (years old) | 46 ± 11 | 46.1 ± 11.1 | 53.4 ± 8.2 | 53.2 ± 8.3 | – |
| Sex, n females (%) | 12 (75%) | 12 (75%) | 11 (55%) | 11 (55%) | – |
| Smoker, n (%) | 8 (25%) | 8 (25%) | 8 (20%) | 8 (20%) | – |
| HT, n (%) | 1 (6.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (5%) | – |
| Scan focus (D) | -0.2 ± 1.7 | -0.3 ± 1.5 | 0.2 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | – |
| Pre-manifest HD | Manifest HD | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | ||
| Disease duration (years) | NA | NA | 4 ± 2.2 | 1–7 | – |
| UHDRS | 1.75 ± 2.0 | 0–5 | 29 ± 16.5 | 9–68 | < 0.0001 |
| CAG repeats, long allele | 42.2 ± 1.8 | 40–45 | 42.9 ± 2.1 | 40–49 | – |
| CAG repeats, short allele | 17.9 ± 4.2 | 11–25 | 18.2 ± 3.3 | 14–26 | – |
| Disease burden | 301.4 ± 95.3 | 180–501.5 | 390.8 ± 85.3 | 288–607.5 | 0.006 |
| MoCA | 25.1 ± 3.2 | 17–29 | 20.1 ± 6.1 | 4–29 | 0.005 |
| Education (years) | 13.4 ± 3.9 | 6–19 | 11.9 ± 4.1 | 0–18 | – |
CAG cytosine-adenine-guanine; D diopters; HD Huntington's disease; MoCA montreal cognitive assessment, UHDRS Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale, NA not applicable
*p values were computed for hypothesis testing between pre-manifest and manifest HD