Table 2.
Performance of the Berlin, STOP-Bang and Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires compared to type 1 polysomnography in the general sample and by age groups.
| Instrument | General Sample (n = 321) | 18–39 years old (n = 83) | 40–59 years old (n = 148) | 60 years old or older (n = 90) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BQ | ||||
| Instrument/PSG | 75%/79% | 67%/67% | 82%/86% | 70%/79% |
| Sens | 0.81 (0.76, 0.86) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.90) | 0.85 (0.78, 0.91) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.84) |
| Spec | 0.48 (0.35, 0.60) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.78) | 0.33 (0.15, 0.57) | 0.47 (0.24, 0.71) |
| PPV | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.80 (0.67, 0.90) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.94) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.92) |
| NPV | 0.40 (0.29, 0.52) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.78) | 0.27 (0.12, 0.48) | 0.33 (0.17, 0.54) |
| PLR | 1.55 (1.22, 1.97) | 1.96 (1.22, 3.15) | 1.28 (0.93, 1.74) | 1.42 (0.91, 2.22) |
| NSR | 0.40 (0.28, 0.57) | 0.34 (0.18, 0.62) | 0.45 (0.22, 0.93) | 0.54 (0.29, 0.99) |
| Accur | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.82) | 0.78 (0.70, 0.84) | 0.69 (0.58, 0.78) |
| SBQ | ||||
| Instrument/PSG | 78%/79% | 59%/67% | 86%/86% | 70%/79% |
| Sens | 0.86 (0.81, 0.90) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.86) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.79, 0.95) |
| Spec | 0.52 (0.40, 0.65) | 0.74 (0.54, 0.89) | 0.33 (0.15, 0.57) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.67) |
| PPV | 0.87 (0.82, 0.91) | 0.86 (0.73, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.94) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.92) |
| NPV | 0.49 (0.37, 0.61) | 0.59 (0.41, 0.75) | 0.33 (0.15, 0.57) | 0.50 (0.25, 0.75) |
| PLR | 1.80 (1.39, 2.32) | 2.89 (1.50, 5.57) | 1.33 (0.98, 1.82) | 1.53 (1.04, 2.27) |
| NSR | 0.27 (0.19, 0.40) | 0.34 (0.20, 0.56) | 0.33 (0.15, 0.72) | 0.27 (0.12, 0.62) |
| Accur | 0.79 (0.74, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.84) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.87) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.87) |
| ESS | ||||
| Instrument/PSG | 50%/79% | 65%/67% | 52%/86% | 31%/79% |
| Sens | 0.54 (0.47, 0.60) | 0.73 (0.60, 0.84) | 0.54 (0.45, 0.63) | 0.37 (0.25, 0.49) |
| Spec | 0.66 (0.53, 0.77) | 0.52 (0.32, 0.71) | 0.62 (0.38, 0.82) | 0.89 (0.67, 0.99) |
| PPV | 0.86 (0.79, 0.91) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.87) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.95) | 0.93 (0.76, 0.99) |
| NPV | 0.27 (0.20, 0.35) | 0.48 (0.29, 0.67) | 0.18 (0.10, 0.29) | 0.27 (0.17, 0.40) |
| PLR | 1.56 (1.10, 2.21) | 1.52 (1.00, 2.32) | 1.43 (0.81, 2.52) | 3.48 (0.91,13.37) |
| NSR | 0.71 (0.57, 0.88) | 0.52 (0.29, 0.91) | 0.74 (0.50, 1.08) | 0.71 (0.56, 0.90) |
| Accur | 0.56 (0.50, 0.62) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.76) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.64) | 0.48 (0.37, 0.59) |
PSG, Polysomnography type 1; BQ, Berlin Questionnaire; SBQ, STOP-Bang Questionnaire; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Sens, Sensitivity; Spec, Specificity; PPV, Positive Predictive Value; NPV, Negative Predictive Value; PLR, Positive Likelihood Ratio; NSR, Negative Likelihood Ratio; Accur, Accuracy.