Table 2.
RSV Detection by Reference Testing and Additional testing
| Reference, Author (Year) | Country | Tested Population Description, All Adults Only Unless Otherwise Specified | Subjects With Paired Specimens, No. | Reference Specimen Type, All RT-PCR | RSV Detection Rate by Reference | RSV Detection Rate Using All Specimens | Detection Rate Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Additional testing = paired serology | |||||||
| Luchsinger (2012) [16] | Chile | Hospitalized with CAP | 184 | Sputum, NP aspirate, or BAL | 10.8 | 19.6 | 1.80 |
| Falsey (2019) [14] | Europe/North America | ≥50 y with severe COPD/CHF with RS | 1111 | Nasal swab | 2.5 | 3.8 | 1.50 |
| Falsey (2002) [7] | USA | Healthy, CHF/COPD, inpatients, and nursing home residents | 1112 | NP swab | 7.8 | 10.5 | 1.34 |
| Feikin (2013) [18] | Kenya | Pediatric and adult outpatients with RS | 204 | NP swab | 8.3 | 11.3 | 1.36 |
| Korsten (2021) [15] | Belgium, The Netherlands, and England | Community-dwelling adults ≥60 y with RS (not medically attended and outpatients) | 1040 | NP swab | 3.5 | 5.7 | 1.64 |
| Zhang (2017) [19] | USA | Hospitalized 18 -64 y with CAP | 623 | NP swab | 2.2 | 2.9 | 1.29 |
| Zhang (2017) [19] | USA | Hospitalized ≥65 with CAP | 313 | NP swab | 3.2 | 4.8 | 1.50 |
| Additional testing = RT-PCR on oropharyngeal swabs | |||||||
| Ek (2019) [20] | Sweden | Attending emergency department with RS | 98 | NP swab | 6.1 | 6.1 | 1.00 |
| Kim (2011) [26] | Kenya | Pediatric and adult outpatients with RS | 2331 | NP swab | 10.8 | 14.1 | 1.30 |
| Lieberman (2009) [21] | Israel | Hospitalized with LRTI | 1000 | NP swab | 2.6 | 3.0 | 1.15 |
| Additional testing = RT-PCR on sputum | |||||||
| Branche (2014) [22] | USA | Hospitalized with RS | 965 | Nasal and throat swab | 5.1 | 6.5 | 1.29 |
| Falsey (2019) [14] | Europe/North America | ≥50 y with severe COPD/CHF with RS | 674 | Nasal swab | 2.4 | 4.7 | 2.00 |
| Jeong (2014) [23] | South Korea | Hospitalized and outpatient with RS | 154 | NP swab | 11.0 | 18.8 | 1.71 |
| Additional testing = RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal wash with or without oropharyngeal swabs | |||||||
| Lieberman (2009) [21] | Israel | Hospitalized with LRTI | 1000 | NP swab | 2.6 | 2.8 | 1.08 |
| Lieberman (2009) [21] | Israel | Hospitalized with LRTI | 1000 | NP swab | 2.6 | 3.1 | 1.19 |
| Additional testing = RT-PCR on saliva | |||||||
| To (2017) [25] | China | Hospitalized with RS | 159 | NP aspirate | 11.3 | 11.3 | 1.00 |
| To (2019) [24] | China | Hospitalized with RS | 212 | NP aspirate | 11.8 | 12.7 | 1.08 |
Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NP, nasopharyngeal; RS, respiratory symptoms; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.