TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic and health characteristics of the study participants by frequency of dairy products and meats consumption.
| Variable | Dairy products (N = 487) | Meats (N = 487) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rarely (n = 2) | Monthly (n = 31) | Weekly (n = 101) | Daily (n = 353) | p‐value* | Rarely (n = 2) | Monthly (n = 94) | Weekly (n = 278) | Daily (n = 113) | p‐value* | |
| Age (years) | 50.0 ± 5.0 | 51.1 ± 2.3 | 56.7 ± 1.2 | 53.5 ± 0.67 | .058 | 56.0 ± 9.0 | 52.56 ± 1.4 | 55.5 ± 0.74 | 51.6 ± 1.1 | .012 |
| Previous weight (kg) | 68.0 ± 11.0 | 73.7 ± 3.3 | 83.1 ± 2.3 | 82.0 ± 1.1 | .121 | 87.5 ± 17.5 | 82.1 ± 1.3 | 81.7 ± 2.1 | 82.3 ± 1.7 | .766 |
| Current weight (kg) | 69.5 ± 9.5 | 76.6 ± 2.4 | 76.6 ± 2.3 | 76.0 ± 2.4 | .054 | 78 ± 8.0 | 78.9 ± 1.7 | 78.3 ± 1.1 | 73.6 ± 1.4 | .176 |
| Height (cm) | 164.0 ± 4.0 | 167.6 ± 8.5 | 168.4 ± 7.8 | 167.9 ± 8.9 | .782 | 171.0 ± 4.0 | 164.0 ± 4.0 | 164.0 ± 4.0 | 164.0 ± 4.0 | .009 |
| Previous BMI (kg/m₂) | 25.1 ± 2.9 | 26.5 ± 1.2 | 29.4 ± 0.81 | 29.0 ± 0.37 | .089 | 27.7 ± 0.56 | 27.7 ± 0.56 | 27.7 ± 0.56 | 27.7 ± 0.56 | .860 |
| Current BMI (kg/m₂) | 25.7 ± 2.3 | 27.5 ± 0.28 | 29.2 ± 0.76 | 27.0 ± 0.31 | .068 | 26.6 ± 1.5 | 29.0 ± 0.60 | 27.7 ± 040 | 25.7 ± 0.48 | .001 |
| Total caloric intake (kcal/day) | 2296.6 ± 325.7 | 1914.6 ± 97.4 | 2180.4 ± 64.6 | 3095.5 ± 136.6 | <.001 | 1637.6 ± 661.5 | 2157.0 ± 64.8 | 2749.0 ± 168.7 | 3598.5 ± 97.7 | <.001 |
| Physical activity (MET‐min/week) | 10260.0 ± 942.3 | 3434.9 ± 635.1 | 3179.1 ± 280.0 | 2797.9 ± 140.2 | .001 | 1140.0 ± 300.0 | 3175.9 ± 272.7 | 3008.2 ± 176.4 | 2644.8 ± 258.8 | .043 |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male (n = 298) | 1 (0.33%) | 20 (6.7%) | 76 (25.5%) | 201 (67.4%) | .010 | 1 (0.33) | 50 (16.8%) | 169 (56.7%) | 78 (26.2%) | .134 |
| Female (n = 189) | 1 (0.53%) | 11 (5.8%) | 25 (13.23) | 152 (80.4%) | 1 (0.53%) | 44 (23.3%) | 109 (57.7%) | 35 (18.5%) | ||
| GC cases (n = 173) | 0 | 0 | 6 (3.4%) | 167 (96.5%) | <.001 | 1 (0.58%) | 8 (4.6%) | 94 (54.3%) | 70 (40.5%) | <.001 |
| Control(n = 314) | 2 (0.64%) | 31 (9.9%) | 95 (30.3%) | 186 (59.2%) | 1 (0.32%) | 86 (27.4%) | 184 (58.6%) | 43 (13.7%) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Married (n = 421) | 2 (0.48%) | 26 (6.2%) | 94 (22.3%) | 299 (71.0%) | .395 | 2 (0.48%) | 80 (19.0%) | 243 (57.7%) | 96 (22.8%) | .964 |
| Single (n = 28) | 0 | 4 (14.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | 22 (78.6%) | 0 | 7 (25.0%) | 14 (50.0%) | 7 (25.0%) | ||
| Divorced (n = 10) | 0 | 0 | 2 (20.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 0 | 2 (20.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | ||
| Widowed (n = 28) | 0 | 1 (3.5%) | 3 (10.7%) | 24 (85.7%) | 0 | 5 (17.9%) | 17 (60.7%) | 6 (21.4%) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||||||
| Less than high school diploma (n = 279) | 1 (0.36%) | 19 (6.8%) | 56 (20.1%) | 202 (72.4%) | .944 | 1 (0.36%) | 60 (21.5%) | 164 (58.8%) | 54 (19.4%) | .09 |
| High school diploma and above (n = 208) | 1 (0.48%) | 12 (5.8%) | 45 (21.6%) | 150 (72.1%) | 1 (0.48%) | 34 (16.3%) | 114 (54.8%) | 59 (28.4%) | ||
| Working (n = 235) | 1 (0.43%) | 14 (6.0%) | 52 (22.1%) | 167 (71.1%) | .844 | 1 (0.43%) | 41 (17.4%) | 123 (52.3%) | 70 (29.8%) | .027 |
| History of Chronic Diseases (n = 233) | 2 (0.86%) | 13 (5.6%) | 44 (18.9%) | 174 (74.7%) | .579 | 1 (0.43%) | 43 (18.5%) | 147 (63.1%) | 42 (18.0%) | .161 |
| Smoking (n = 155) | 1 (0.64%) | 13 (8.4%) | 33 (21.3%) | 108 (69.7%) | .587 | 1 (0.64%) | 35 (22.6%) | 77 (49.7%) | 42 (27.1%) | .106 |
| Family history of GC (n = 22) | 0 | 2 (9.1%) | 0 | 20 (90.9%) | .101 | 0 | 4 (18.2%) | 13 (59.1) | 5 (22.7%) | .988 |
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalent.
*
p values calculated by Sample t‐test for continuous variables and Pearson X 2 for categorical variables. p value <.05 was considered statistically significant.