Table 4.
Comparison of groups with and without degradation of bone microarchitecture regarding HF parameters, comorbidities, muscle strength, and habits
| Classification | Bone degradation (TBS <1.230) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Yes (N=13) | No (N=44) | ||
| NYHA functional class (N=57) | |||
| I or II | 4 (30.8) | 23 (52.3) | 0.172a) |
| III or IV | 9 (69.2) | 21 (47.7) | |
|
| |||
| LVEF (N=57) | |||
| HFpEF | 5 (38.5) | 24 (54.5) | 0.496b) |
| HFmrEF | 1 (7.7) | 2 (4.5) | |
| HFrEF | 7 (53.8) | 18 (40.9) | |
|
| |||
| HF etiology (N=57) | |||
| Ischemic | 6 (46.2) | 28 (63.6) | 0.259a) |
| Non-ischemic | 7 (53.8) | 16 (36.4) | |
|
| |||
| Glycemic status (N=57) | |||
| Normoglycemic | 2 (15.4) | 7 (15.9) | 0.999a) |
| Prediabetes | 5 (38.5) | 17 (38.6) | |
| Diabetes | 6 (46.2) | 20 (45.5) | |
|
| |||
| Chronic kidney disease (N=57) | 6 (46.2) | 9 (20.5) | 0.082b) |
|
| |||
| Vitamin D deficiency (N=45) | 5 (55.6) | 13 (36.1) | 0.449b) |
|
| |||
| Low handgrip strength (N=57) | 12 (92.3) | 22 (50.0) | 0.009b) |
|
| |||
| Smoking history (N=57) | 7 (53.8) | 14 (31.8) | 0.148a) |
|
| |||
| History of alcohol consumption (N=57) | 5 (38.5) | 15 (34.1) | 0.772a) |
The data is presented as N (%).
a)
Pearson’s χ2 test.
b)
Fisher’s exact test.
NYHA, the New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; TBS, trabecular bone score.