Table 3.
Nutrient intake in each dietary pattern
| DP1, various foods | DP2, red meats and coffee | DP3, bread and processed meats | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-trend group (n 500) | High-trend group (n 500) | P-value | Low-trend group (n 500) | High-trend group (n 500) | P-value | Low-trend group (n 500) | High-trend group (n 500) | P-value | ||||||||
| Protein | %Energy | 15·4 | 13·7–17·0 | 18·4 | 16·3–20·4 | < 0·001 | 15·6 | 13·9–18·0 | 18·0 | 15·9–20·2 | < 0·001 | 17·2 | 15·0–19·9 | 16·3 | 14·5–18·4 | < 0·001 |
| Animal protein | %Energy | 8·8 | 7·1–10·6 | 11·5 | 9·3–13·7 | < 0·001 | 8·9 | 7·1–11·0 | 11·3 | 9·0–13·5 | < 0·001 | 10·1 | 8·0–13·0 | 9·8 | 7·8–11·9 | 0·02 |
| Plant protein | %Energy | 6·5 | 5·8–7·2 | 6·9 | 6·2–7·6 | < 0·001 | 6·7 | 5·9–7·3 | 6·7 | 6·0–7·4 | 0·48 | 6·8 | 6·0–7·6 | 6·5 | 5·9–7·2 | < 0·001 |
| Fat | %Energy | 27·5 | 23·5–30·6 | 31·3 | 28·4–34·0 | < 0·001 | 28·4 | 24·9–31·3 | 30·7 | 27·3–33·9 | < 0·001 | 27·5 | 23·8–31·2 | 31·0 | 28·2–34·1 | < 0·001 |
| SFA | %Energy | 7·7 | 6·4–8·9 | 8·5 | 7·5–9·3 | < 0·001 | 8·1 | 6·9–9·2 | 8·1 | 6·8–9·1 | 0·69 | 7·5 | 6·2–8·6 | 8·6 | 7·7–9·7 | < 0·001 |
| MUFA | %Energy | 9·6 | 8·2–10·9 | 11·0 | 9·9–12·1 | < 0·001 | 9·9 | 8·5–11·1 | 10·9 | 9·4–12·1 | < 0·001 | 9·5 | 8·1–10·8 | 11·1 | 9·9–12·3 | < 0·001 |
| PUFA | %Energy | 6·3 | 5·5–7·2 | 7·4 | 6·6–8·2 | < 0·001 | 6·4 | 5·5–7·1 | 7·5 | 6·5–8·2 | < 0·001 | 6·7 | 5·7–7·7 | 7·0 | 6·1–7·9 | < 0·01 |
| Carbohydrate | %Energy | 53·3 | 47·6–58·2 | 48·7 | 45·0–53·3 | < 0·001 | 53·4 | 48·4–57·8 | 48·2 | 44·3–53·1 | < 0·001 | 51·3 | 45·6–56·8 | 50·6 | 46·3–55·1 | 0·23 |
| Dietary fibre | g/1000 kcal | 6·6 | 5·7–7·7 | 9·2 | 8·1–10·4 | < 0·001 | 7·7 | 6·5–8·9 | 8·1 | 6·7–9·7 | < 0·001 | 7·9 | 6·5–9·5 | 7·9 | 6·6–9·2 | 0·79 |
| Vitamin A | μgRAE/1000 kcal | 366 | 269–516 | 530 | 434–671 | < 0·001 | 427 | 319–558 | 497 | 371–646 | < 0·001 | 446 | 318–591 | 469 | 359–623 | < 0·01 |
| Vitamin D | μg/1000 kcal | 7·1 | 4·5–10·6 | 10·4 | 6·7–14·7 | < 0·001 | 7·6 | 4·9–11·7 | 9·7 | 6·1–13·9 | < 0·001 | 10·1 | 6·1–14·4 | 7·5 | 5·0–10·9 | < 0·001 |
| Vitamin E | mg/1000 kcal | 4·1 | 3·5–4·6 | 5·3 | 4·8–5·9 | < 0·001 | 4·5 | 3·7–5·1 | 5·0 | 4·2–5·7 | < 0·001 | 4·5 | 3·6–5·2 | 4·9 | 4·3–5·6 | < 0·001 |
| Niacin | mgNE/1000 kcal | 9 | 7–10 | 11 | 9–13 | < 0·001 | 9 | 7–10 | 11 | 9–13 | < 0·001 | 9 | 8–12 | 10 | 8–11 | 0·02 |
| Vitamin B6 | mg/1000 kcal | 0·7 | 0·6–0·8 | 0·9 | 0·8–1·0 | < 0·001 | 0·7 | 0·6–0·9 | 0·8 | 0·7–1·0 | < 0·001 | 0·8 | 0·7–1·0 | 0·8 | 0·7–0·9 | 0·001 |
| Vitamin B12 | μg/1000 kcal | 4·9 | 3·5–6·8 | 6·7 | 4·7–8·9 | < 0·001 | 5·1 | 3·7–7·0 | 6·5 | 4·4–8·5 | < 0·001 | 6·4 | 4·4–8·7 | 5·0 | 3·6–7·0 | < 0·001 |
| Folate | μg/1000 kcal | 196 | 164–223 | 272 | 238–313 | < 0·001 | 219 | 179–258 | 249 | 201–299 | < 0·001 | 232 | 185–282 | 231 | 189–276 | 0·98 |
| Pantothenic acid | mg/1000 kcal | 3·7 | 3·3–4·1 | 4·5 | 4·0–4·9 | < 0·001 | 3·9 | 3·4–4·3 | 4·3 | 3·7–4·9 | < 0·001 | 4·1 | 3·6–4·7 | 4·1 | 3·6–4·5 | 0·09 |
| Vitamin C | mg/1000 kcal | 69 | 53–85 | 103 | 86–122 | < 0·001 | 84 | 66–105 | 87 | 66–110 | 0·31 | 82 | 61–103 | 89 | 71–111 | < 0·001 |
| Na | mg/1000 kcal | 2363 | 2036–2658 | 2568 | 2266–2917 | < 0·001 | 2279 | 1992–2529 | 2676 | 2368–3022 | < 0·001 | 2556 | 2203–2903 | 2383 | 1445–1900 | < 0·001 |
| K | mg/1000 kcal | 1422 | 1235–1574 | 1887 | 1698–2125 | < 0·001 | 1573 | 1344–1786 | 1711 | 1493–2032 | < 0·001 | 1609 | 1364–1921 | 1651 | 1445–1900 | 0·16 |
| Ca | mg/1000 kcal | 319 | 268–383 | 415 | 351–490 | < 0·001 | 347 | 295–413 | 384 | 314–465 | < 0·001 | 366 | 297–451 | 362 | 308–435 | 0·61 |
| Fe | mg/1000 kcal | 4·5 | 3·9–4·9 | 5·7 | 5·1–6·4 | < 0·001 | 4·7 | 4·1–5·4 | 5·4 | 4·7–6·3 | < 0·001 | 5·2 | 4·5–6·1 | 4·9 | 4·3–5·7 | < 0·001 |
| Cu | mg/1000 kcal | 0·6 | 0·6–0·7 | 0·7 | 0·7–0·8 | < 0·001 | 0·7 | 0·6–0·7 | 0·7 | 0·6–0·8 | < 0·001 | 0·7 | 0·6–0·8 | 0·6 | 0·6–0·7 | < 0·001 |
DP, dietary pattern.
The P-values were tested for the low- and high-trend groups.