Table 3.
Results of multinomial logistic regression analyses of the association between meat consumption and prediabetes or diabetes among community-dwelling adults in rural Khánh Hòa province, Vietnam (2019–2020), excluding participants receiving treatment for diabetes medication (n 2907)
| Prediabetes | Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
| n | n | Relative-risk ratios | 95 % CI | Relative-risk ratios | 95 % CI | n | Relative-risk ratios | 95 % CI | Relative-risk ratios | 95 % CI | |
| 1. Red/processed meat consumption | |||||||||||
| 0–99 g | 1944 | 905 | 1·00 (Ref.) | 1·00 (Ref.) | 148 | 1·00 (Ref.) | 1·00 (Ref.) | ||||
| 100–199 g | 651 | 323 | 1·18 | 0·98, 1·42 | 1·25 | 1·02, 1·55 | 40 | 0·93 | 0·53, 1·62 | 1·06 | 0·64, 1·74 |
| ≥ 200 g | 312 | 173 | 1·58 | 1·19, 2·09 | 1·66 | 1·19, 2·33 | 26 | 1·53 | 1·05, 2·22 | 1·75 | 1·32, 2·33 |
| P trend = 0·003 | P trend = 0·004 | P trend = 0·329 | P trend = 0·045 | ||||||||
| 2. Poultry consumption | |||||||||||
| 0–99 g | 1447 | 731 | 1·00 (Ref.) | 1·00 (Ref.) | 104 | 1·00 (Ref.) | 1·00 (Ref.) | ||||
| 100–199 g | 1099 | 495 | 0·84 | 0·66, 1·07 | 0·86 | 0·70, 1·05 | 87 | 1·08 | 0·90, 1·29 | 1·12 | 0·90, 1·40 |
| 200–299 g | 202 | 100 | 0·92 | 0·71, 1·20 | 0·92 | 0·77, 1·10 | 11 | 0·77 | 0·46, 1·31 | 0·71 | 0·50, 1·01 |
| ≥ 300 g | 159 | 75 | 0·87 | 0·58, 1·32 | 0·84 | 0·57, 1·22 | 12 | 1·06 | 0·48, 2·37 | 0·88 | 0·39, 2·01 |
| P trend = 0·294 | P trend = 0·183 | P trend = 0·989 | P trend = 0·669 | ||||||||
The results are shown as relative-risk ratios and corresponding 95 % CI.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, age squared term and sex, while model 2 was further adjusted for other socio-demographic variables (education, occupation and household income), lifestyle variables (smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleeping hours, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption and sweetened beverage consumption) and health-related variables (BMI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and family history of diabetes). When the consumption of red/processed meat and poultry was examined, the exposures were simultaneously incorporated into the models.