Table 1.
Codebook for categorising retailers based on healthfulness with percent and number of total coded locations†
| Category | Description | % | n |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy | |||
| Sandwich or sushi restaurant | A fast, casual restaurant offering healthier meal items, like sandwiches, soups, salads, sushi, or poke, prepared to order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 5·41 | 587 |
| Grocery store*, supermarket* or hypermarket | A retail store offering traditional grocery items such as dairy products, grains, baked goods, produce, pantry staples, meats and/or deli foods. | 4·50 | 488 |
| Juice or smoothie bar | A fast, casual restaurant offering juices and smoothies prepared to order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 0·85 | 92 |
| Butcher or deli | A retail store primarily selling fresh and processed meats. | 0·34 | 37 |
| Wholesaler* | A retail store offering produce, meat, dairy products, baked goods and other foods in bulk quantities. | 0·13 | 14 |
| Bulk foods store | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of dry ingredients, like spices, grains, beans and legumes from bulk bins. | 0·10 | 11 |
| Fish and seafood shop | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of fresh and processed fish and seafoods. | 0·10 | 11 |
| Less healthy | |||
| Fast-food restaurant* | A fast, casual restaurant offering predominantly less healthy meal items high in calories, sodium, fat, and sugar, like burgers, pizza, and fried chicken, which are prepared to order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 18·04 | 1958 |
| Convenience store* | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of pre-packaged snacks and beverages. May be attached to a gas station. Typically open 18 to 24 h per d. | 8·95 | 971 |
| Coffee shop | A fast, casual restaurant primarily engaged in the sale of beverages prepared to order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption, often selling snacks and baked goods. | 3·81 | 413 |
| Drugstore | A retail store including a pharmacy that offers snacks or beverages. | 3·53 | 383 |
| Bakery | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of bread and baked goods. | 3·42 | 371 |
| Dollar store | A retail store offering pre-packaged foods and beverages, in addition to a variety of other goods, often sold at a discount. | 1·14 | 124 |
| Bubble tea restaurant | A fast, casual restaurant predominantly offering bubble teas and a limited menu or meals and desserts, which are prepared to order for immediate on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 0·98 | 106 |
| Confectionery | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of candy, chocolate and other confectioneries. | 0·85 | 92 |
| Frozen dessert restaurant | A fast, casual restaurant primarily engaged in the sale of ice cream, frozen yogurt, and other desserts for on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 0·83 | 90 |
| Food truck | Freshly prepared and/or highly processed meals available for take-out services at varying locations. | 0·18 | 20 |
| Excluded | |||
| Full-service restaurant | A traditional restaurant offering table service, where eat-in is a more significant portion of sales than takeaway service. | 21·70 | 2355 |
| Specialty foods store | A retail store primarily engaged in pre-packaged lines of specialised foods like cheeses, jams, nuts and/or pickles for home consumption. Goods are retailed via direct sale, mail order or internet shopping. | 5·34 | 580 |
| Night club, pub or bar | A retailer where alcoholic beverages are the predominant item for sale, although foods and other beverages are also sold for on-premises consumption. | 3·52 | 382 |
| Department store | A large retail store offering a variety of goods in different departments. Pre-packaged foods and beverages are available for sale, but they are not a significant proportion of items sold. | 2·29 | 249 |
| Health supplement store | A retail store primarily engaged in retailing health supplement products, such as vitamins, nutrition supplements and body-enhancing supplements, often targeting weight loss. | 2·29 | 249 |
| Recreation facility | A retail store or fast, casual restaurant within a recreation facility offering foods and beverages for on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 1·95 | 212 |
| School | A public or private school kitchen where meals are prepared for on-premises consumption by students and staff. | 1·93 | 210 |
| Entertainment centre | An entertainment centre requiring admission fees, like a movie theatre, where foods and beverages are sold for on-premises consumption. | 1·73 | 188 |
| Hotel, work cafeteria or banquet hall | A hotel, workplace or banquet hall where meals are prepared on-site for on-premises consumption. | 2·35 | 255 |
| Caterer or meal preparation service | A retailer which prepares customisable and group meals for both on-premises and off-premises consumption. | 1·05 | 114 |
| Community or religious centre | A retail store or kitchen within a community or religious centre where foods are sold for on-premises consumption. | 1·01 | 110 |
| Food manufacturer | An establishment where foods and beverages are produced and/or available for distribution. | 0·70 | 76 |
| Cannabis or vape or beer, wine, and liquor store | A retail store primarily engaged in the sale of cannabis, vape or alcohol products, where individually packaged foods and beverages are also available for sale. | 0·59 | 64 |
| Health care facility | A retail store or kitchen located in a health care facility where meals are prepared for on-premises consumption by patients, visitors, and staff. | 0·38 | 41 |