Table 1. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of the CRS (+) and CRS (-) patients in study group.
| Parameters | CRS (+) (N = 132) | CRS (-) (N = 574) | p value |
| Age (years) | 64.4 ± 11.1 | 63.9 ± 11.7 | 0.630 |
| Female, n (%) | 35 (26.5) | 193 (33.6) | 0.113 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.1 ± 22.2 | 123.2 ± 22.5 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.9 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 0.010 |
| NYHA class | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 68 (51.5) | 342 (59.6) | 0.090 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 69 (52.5) | 227 (39.5) | 0.008 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 83 (62.9) | 359 (62.5) | 0.940 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 30 (22.7) | 113 (19.7) | 0.431 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.4 ± 1.6 | 12.4 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 133.4 ± 5.6 | 137.1 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 0.100 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 129.8 ± 54.9 | 138.3 ± 67.4 | 0.170 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 0.007 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 36.8 ± 51.7 | 26.8 ± 40.6 | 0.010 |
| NT pro-BNP (pg/ml) | 864 (244-1765) | 704 (183-1734) | 0.056 |
| hs troponin (ng/l) | 60 (12-200) | 12 (6-31) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 45.1 ± 25.9 | 65.8 ± 42.4 | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiographic findings | |||
| Ejection fraction (%) | 24.4 ± 6.4 | 27.8 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 46.7 ± 7.9 | 44.8 ± 7.7 | 0.010 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 49.3 ± 13.3 | 43.8 ± 13.8 | 0.001 |
| Treatment | |||
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 100 (75.8) | 450 (78.4) | 0.510 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n (%) | 70 (53) | 441 (76.8) | < 0.001 |
| MRA, n (%) | 58 (43.9) | 164 (28.6) | 0.001 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 20 (15.2) | 124 (21.6) | 0.090 |
| Statin, n (%) | 52 (39.4) | 296 (51.6) | 0.015 |
| Dopamine, n (%) | 77 (58.3) | 87 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
| Anticoagulant, n (%) | 47 (35.6) | 180 (31.4) | 0.340 |
| Furosemide dose* (mg/day) | 298.9 ± 179.0 | 211.4 ± 126.5 | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Maggic score | 30.7 ± 8.0 | 23.9 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay (days) | 22.9 ± 15.8 | 14.9 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 |
* The average of the dose given intravenously for the first 3 days.
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CRS, cardiorenal syndrome; CRP, C-reactive protein; hs troponin, high sensitive troponin; eGFR, estimated Glomerular filtration rate; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT pro-BNP, N-terminal pro-brain natural peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure.