Table 3.

Main studies reporting clinical features related to kiwifruit adverse reactions in both pediatric and adult populations.

Author, Year [Reference]	Country	Study Design	Population and Sample Size	Comment
Fine et al., 1981 [1]	United States of America	Case report	A 53 y woman	First-reported allergic reaction to kiwifruit.
Rance et al., 1992 [25]	France	Case report	A 3 y boy and 8 y girl	New emerging allergies (kiwi) in children with systemic manifestations.
Shimizu et al., 1995 [24]	Japan	Case report	A 12 y boy	A case of anaphylaxis after handling and ingestion of kiwifruit.
Pastorello et al., 1996 [6]	Italy	Observational study	30 pts (16–69 y) with OAS to kiwi	Identification and characterization of 11 kiwi allergens.
Möller et al., 1997 [27]	Germany	Observational study	29 pts (23–57 y)	Cross-reactivity between allergens found both in kiwifruit and birch pollen.
Voitenko et al., 1997 [28]	Denmark	Observational study	9 pts (20–54 y)	Production of a kiwi extract and characterization of cross-reactivity with birch pollen in vitro.
Möller et al., 1998 [29]	Germany	Observational study	12 pts (20–58 y)	Cross-reactivity among allergens in latex, avocado, banana, and kiwi.
Fahlbusch et al., 1998 [30]	Germany	Observational study	9 pts	Characterization of IgE-binding kiwifruit’s allergen epitopes.
Gavrovic-Jankulović et al., 2002 [31]	Yugoslavia	Observational study	7 pts	Isolation and biochemical characterization of Act d 2.
Lucas et al., 2004 [8]	United Kingdom	Observational study	273 pts (4 months–71 y)	Clinical differences in children and adults.
Palacin et al., 2008 [15]	Spain		92 pts (6–55 y)	High IgE level against Act d 1 and Act d 3 is associated with severe symptomatology.
Moreno Álvarez et al., 2015 [9]	Spain	Observational study	24 pts (3–12 y)	Characterization of main allergens and patterns of recognition in children.
Visentini et al., 2018 [26]	Italy	Retrospective study	25 pts (1–14 y)	Primary sensitization to kiwifruit is the most frequent in childhood.

y = year old; pts = patients.