Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of adults from Pelotas (RS) in 2012/2013 and from Ribeirão Preto (SP) in 2016/2017.
| Variables | Adults from Pelotas (30 Years of Age) | Adults from Ribeirão Preto (37–39 Years of Age) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Men | n | Women | p-Value * | n | Men | n | Women | p-Value * | |
| Weight (kg) | 1735 | 80.2 (70.6–90.7) a | 1782 | 65.9 (58.0–78.0) a | <0.001 | 808 | 88.9 (87.8–90.0) b | 888 | 75.4 (74.3–76.5) b | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 1735 | 174.4 (174.1–174.7) b | 1782 | 161.4(161.1–161.7) b | <0.001 | 808 | 175.4 (174.9–175.9) b | 888 | 162.6 (162.1–163.0) b | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1735 | 26.3 (23.7–29.5) a | 1782 | 25.3 (22.5–29.7) a | <0.001 | 808 | 28.3 (25.6–31.6) a | 888 | 27.4 (24.0–32.0) a | 0.001 |
| Non-obese, n (%) | 1351 (77.9) | 1359 (76.3) | 0.258 | 522 (64.6) | 587 (66.1) | 0.517 | ||||
| Obese, n (%) | 384 (22.1) | 423 (23.7) | 286 (35.4) | 301 (33.9) | ||||||
| FMI (kg/m2) | 1735 | 6.5 (4.3–8.9) a | 1782 | 9.5 (7.0–12.8) a | <0.001 | 808 | 7.5 (5.2–10.0) a | 888 | 10.5 (8.0–14.1) a | <0.001 |
| BF% | 1735 | 24.6 (24.2–25.0) b | 1782 | 37.4 (37.0–37.7) b | <0.001 | 808 | 25.9 (25.4–26.5) b | 888 | 38.3 (37.7–38.9) b | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1735 | 127.0 (119.5–135.5) a | 1780 | 113.5 (106.5–121) | <0.001 | 808 | 127.7(119.5–136) a | 887 | 115 (107.5–124.5) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1001 (57.7) | 1585 (89.0) | <0.001 | 452 (55.9) | 704 (79.4) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 734 (42.3) | 195 (11.0) | 356 (44.1) | 183 (20.6) | ||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1735 | 76.0 (70.5–82.5) a | 1780 | 73.0 (68.0–79.5) a | <0.001 | 808 | 79.5 (73.5–86.5) a | 887 | 75.0 (68.5–82.0) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1387 (79.9) | 1547 (86.9) | <0.001 | 527 (65.2) | 685 (77.2) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 348 (20.1) | 233 (13.1) | 281 (34.8) | 202 (22.8) | ||||||
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | 1735 | 1780 | 808 | 887 | ||||||
| Normal, n (%) | 963 (55.5) | 1.504 (84.5) | <0.001 | 397 (49.1) | 653 (73.6) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 772 (44.5) | 276 (15.5) | 411 (50.9) | 234 (26.4) | ||||||
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 1717 | 88.0 (81.0–97.0) a | 1771 | 84.0 (77.0–92.0) a | <0.001 | 805 | 91.0 (82.0–103.0) a | 887 | 86.0 (78.0–97.0) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1346 (78.4) | 1549 (87.5) | <0.001 | 552 (68.6) | 679 (76.6) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 371 (21.6) | 222 (12.5) | 253 (31.4) | 208 (23.4) | ||||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 1717 | 106.0 (73.0–168) a | 1771 | 86.0 (64.0–123.0) a | <0.001 | 803 | 163.0(105.0–247.0) a | 886 | 101.0 (72.0–148.0) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1307 (76.1) | 1596 (90.1) | <0.001 | 429 (53.4) | 724 (81.7) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 410 (23.9) | 175 (9.9) | 374 (46.6) | 162 (18.3) | ||||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1717 | 189.0 (166.0–217) a | 1771 | 186.0 (165.0–213) a | 0.017 | 803 | 184.0 (160.0–210.0) a | 886 | 174.0 (153.0–196.0) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 855 (49.8) | 963 (54.4) | 0.007 | 439 (54.7) | 609 (68.2) | <0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 862 (50.2) | 808 (45.6) | 364 (45.3) | 282 (31.8) | ||||||
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 1717 | 112.3 (110.9–113.7) b | 1771 | 106.6 (105.3–107.9) b | <0.001 | 748 | 105.0 (85.0–127.0) a | 874 | 99.0 (83.0–120.0) a | 0.002 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1596 (92.9) | 1686 (95.2) | 0.005 | 682 (91.2) | 829 (94.9) | 0.003 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 121 (7.1) | 85 (4.8) | 66 (8.8) | 45 (5.1) | ||||||
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 1717 | 53.8 (53.2–54.4) b | 1771 | 63.4 (62.8–64.1) b | <0.001 | 802 | 41.6 (35.3–47.3) a | 886 | 48.0 (40.6–57.5) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1528 (89.0) | 1492 (84.2) | <0.001 | 441 (55.0) | 382 (43.1) | <0.001 | ||||
| Reduced, n (%) | 189 (11.0) | 279 (15.8) | 361 (45.0) | 504 (56.9) | ||||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 1717 | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) a | 1771 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) a | <0.001 | 801 | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) a | 885 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) a | <0.001 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1686 (98.2) | 1703 (96.2) | <0.001 | 790 (98.6) | 850 (96.1) | 0.001 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 31 (1.8) | 68 (3.8) | 11 (1.4) | 35 (3.9) | ||||||
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 1718 | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) a | 1772 | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) a | 0.012 | 805 | 5.3 (5.0–5.6) a | 883 | 5.2 (5.0–5.5) a | 0.002 |
| Normal, n (%) | 1570 (91.4) | 1614 (91.1) | 0.753 | 676 (84.0) | 775 (87.8) | 0.025 | ||||
| Altered, n (%) | 148 (8.6) | 158 (8.9) | 129 (16.0) | 108 (12.2) | ||||||
| Three or more cardiometabolic risk factors, n (%) | 1735 | 452 (26.1) | 1782 | 216 (12.1) | <0.001 | 808 | 386 (47.8) | 888 | 243 (27.4) | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; FMI: fat mass index; BF%: body fat percentage; a Median and interquartile range; b Mean and 95% confidence interval. * p-Value for differences between sexes (continuous variables: Student’s t-test for variables with a normal distribution and Mann–Whitney test for variables with a non-normal distribution. Categorical variables: chi-squared test).