. 2023 Jul 6;15(13):3056. doi: 10.3390/nu15133056

Table 7.

Effects of honey on wounds.

Honey	Dose	Duration	Subjects	Physiological Parameter	Effect	References
Multifloral processed honey	1:1 honey:water Mouthrinse 10 mL twice a day	5 d	Healthy subjects 20–24 years	Tooth plaque	↓ *	[49]
Iranian honey from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region	70:30 honey:neutral cream 5 g/d	7 d	Women with vulvovaginal candidiasis 34.3 ± 8.6 years	Inflammation	↓ *	[50]
				Discharge	↓ *
				Itching	↓ *
Natural raw honey	Honey-soaked gauze vs. medical solution	21 d	Children with pyomyositis abcesses 4.5 ± 4.0 years	Wound healing	↑ ^a	[51]
Natural raw honey	Honey-soaked gauze vs. medical solution	21 d	Children with pyomyositis abcesses 4.5 ± 4.0 years	Duration of hospital stay	↓ ^a	[51]
Iranian honey from Qamsar region	30% honey cream 1 knuckle/d	14 d	Nulliparous women with episiotomy wound 24.7 ± 4.0 years	Discharge	↓ ^a	[52]
				Wound healing	↑ ^a
				Pain	↓
Beri-irradiated honey collected from Karak, Pakistan	Once or twice daily or every 48 h	4 m	Patients with diabetic foot ulcers 54 years	Wound healing	↑ ^a	[53]
Beri-irradiated honey collected from Karak, Pakistan	Once or twice daily or every 48 h	4 m	Patients with diabetic foot ulcers 54 years	Wound healing time	↓ ^a	[53]
Pure raw untreated clover honey supplied by the Firm of Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University	Honey-soaked gauze	3 m	Patients with diabetic foot ulcers 52.3 years	Ulcer size	↓ *	[54]
				Ulcer grade	↓ *
				Ulcer stage	↓ *
				Inflammation	↓ *
				Discharge	↓ *
				Wound healing	↑ *
Clean non-sterile pure honey packed by Barnes for Honey Cooperation of Australia	Once daily	36 d	Patients with diabetic foot ulcers 31–51 years	Wound healing time	↓	[55]
				Discharge	↓
				Edema	↓

d: day; m: month; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease. * Significant differences (p < 0.05) within group between baseline and the end. ^a Significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control group.