. 2023 Jul 6;15(13):3056. doi: 10.3390/nu15133056

Table 9.

Main effects of honey on human health.

Condition	Subjects	Parameter	Effect	References
Cardiovascular risk factors	Healthy subjects Diabetic subjects Subjects with hyperlipidaemia	FBG	↓	[12,13,18,19,20,21]
		TG	↓
		TC	↓
		LDL	↓
		HDL	↑
Glucose tolerance	Healthy subjects Diabetic subjects	Increase in BGL	↓	[21,23,24,25]
Glucose tolerance	Healthy subjects Diabetic subjects	Increase in BIL	↓	[21,23,24,25]
Alcohol metabolism	Healthy subjects	Intoxication time	↓	[27,28]
Cancer	Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia Patients with head and neck cancer	Mucositis severity	↓	[29,30,31,32,33,34,39]
Cancer		Body weight	↑	[29,30,31,32,33,34,39]
URTIs	Children with URTIs	Cough frequency and severity	↓	[42,43,44,45,46]
		Combined symptom score	↓
		Sleep quality	↑
		Parent’s sleep quality	↑
Wounds	Children with pyomyositis abscesses Women with episiotomy wound Patients with diabetes	Wound healing	↑	[51,52,53,54]
Wounds		Discharge	↓	[51,52,53,54]

FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoproteins; HDL: high-density lipoproteins; BGL: blood glucose level; BIL: blood insulin level; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.