Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and interventions of the studies included.
| Study | Year | Study Region | Sample Size (I) | Sample Size (C) | Duration | Dose (mg/d) | Age Range (I) | Age Range (C) | Main Characteristics of Medications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akilen [15] | 2010 | United Kingdom | 30 | 28 | 12 weeks | 2000 | 54.90 ± 10.14 | 54.43 ± 12.54 | oral antidiabetic |
| Azimi [16] | 2014 | Iran | 40 | 39 | 8 weeks | 3000 | 54.15 ± 1.0 | 53.64 ± 1.3 | metformin and glibenclamide |
| Blevins [17] | 2007 | United States | 29 | 28 | 3 months | 1000 | NA | NA | oral antidiabetic and hypolipidemia |
| Hasanzade [18] | 2013 | Iran | 35 | 35 | 60 days | 1000 | 53.7 ± 9.7 | 54.7 ± 8.1 | oral antidiabetic |
| Lira Neto [19] | 2021 | United States | 71 | 69 | 12 weeks | 3000 | 61.7 ± 11.7 | 60.8 ± 10.8 | oral antidiabetic |
| Lu-120 [20] | 2012 | China | 23 | 20 | 3 months | 120 | 62.4 ± 7.9 | 60 ± 5.9 | gliclazide |
| Lu-360 [20] | 2012 | China | 23 | 20 | 3 months | 360 | 58.9 ± 6.4 | 60 ± 5.9 | gliclazide |
| Mang [21] | 2006 | Germany | 33 | 32 | 4 months | 3000 | 62.8 ± 8.37 | 63.7 ± 7.17 | oral antidiabetic |
| Mirfeizi [22] | 2016 | Iran | 27 | 45 | 13 weeks | 1000 | 55 ± 10 | 54 ± 12 | sulfonylurea, biguanides, and/or thiazolidines |
| Sengsuk [23] | 2015 | Thailand | 49 | 50 | 60 days | 1500 | 57.2 ± 1.1 | 56.9 ± 1.2 | oral antidiabetic |
| Talaei [24] | 2017 | Iran | 20 | 19 | 8 weeks | 3000 | 58.9 ± 7.93 | 56.26 ± 9.46 | metformin and insulin |
| Vafa [25] | 2012 | Iran | 19 | 18 | 8 weeks | 3000 | 54.11 ± 10.37 | 55.67 ± 7.98 | metformin and gliclazide |
| Vanschoonbeek [26] | 2006 | Netherlands | 12 | 13 | 6 weeks | 1500 | 62 ± 2 | 64 ± 2 | oral antidiabetic |
| Wainstein [27] | 2011 | Israel | 29 | 30 | 12 weeks | 1200 | 61.7 ± 6.3 | 64.4 ± 15.4 | metformin and/or sulfonylurea |
| Zare [28] | 2019 | Iran | 69 | 69 | 12 weeks | 1000 | 52.1 ± 9.7 | 53.2 ± 8.5 | oral hypoglycemic agents |
NA = Not Available.