Table 3.
Association of bullous pemphigoid and malignancy.
| Author | Year | Location | Study design | Reference cohort | N (case/control) | Malignant comorbidities in individuals with BP |
OR/HR | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lindelöf B., et al. (17) | 1990 | Sweden | Register study | Age- and sex-matched reference cohort | 497 | Expected number of incident cancer diagnosis in individuals with BP compared to matched standard incidence ratio showed no significant difference | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Ong E., et al. (47) | 2011 | England | Cohort-study of hospital admission data | reference cohort without known association with either cancer or BP |
2,873,729 individuals with cancer 4,720 individuals with BP |
Risk of BP in individuals with vs. without cancer - with lymphoid leukaemia - with kidney cancer - with laryngeal cancer Risk of cancer in individuals with BP |
0.96 2.27 2.23 2.22 1.00 |
0.88-1.04 1.21-3.89 1.48-3.24 1.21-3.75 0.92-1.09 |
>0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 >0.05 |
| Cai S.C.S., et al. (48) | 2015 | Singapore | Cohort-study | Age- and sex-matched general population | 359/n.a. | Expected number of incident cancer diagnosis after BP compared to matched standard incidence ratio | 0.97 | 0.53-1.62 | n.a. |
| Schulze F., et al. (14) | 2015 | Germany | Cohort-study | Age- and sex-matched controls | 1,743/10,141 |
Mature T/NK-cell lymphoma Myeloid leukemia Hodgkin disease Non-follicular lymphoma Leukemia of unspec. cell type Unspec. non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
6.9
5.7 4.2 3.8 2.7 2.6 |
3.1-16.0
1.90-17.0 1.90-8.9 1.90-7.5 1.40-5.1 1.60-3.9 |
<0.001
<0.001 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 |
| Atzmony L., et al. (15) | 2017 | n.a. | Meta-analysis of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies | n.a. | n.a. | Pooled analysis of cross-sectional studies found significant association of BP and hematologic malignancies but not with overall cancer | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Ren Z., et al. (27) | 2017 | USA | Register study of hospitalized adult patients in the USA |
n.a. | 2,108 BP primary diagnosis 11,234 BP secondary diagnosis 72,108,077 total hospital discharges |
BP was not associated with higher odds of any solid-organ or hematological malignancies | n.a. | n.a. | >0.1 |
| Kalińska-Bienias A., et al. (28) | 2019 | Poland | Case-control | Age- and sex-matched controls | 218/168 | Malignancy | 1.74 | 0.84-3.65 | 0.13 |
| Kridin K., et al. (16) | 2021 | Israel | Cohort-study | Age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls | 3,924/19,280 |
Risk of uterine cancer
Risk of solid malignancies History of malignancy |
2.56
0.9 1.00 |
1.39-4.72
0.77-1.05 0.90-1.10 |
0.003
n.a. 0.469 |
| Kilic Sayar S., et al. (30) | 2021 | Turkey | Case-control | Age- and sex-matched controls | 145/310 | Preexisting Malignancy | 2.59 | 1.32-5.07 | 0.005 |
| Martin E., et al. (13) | 2022 | Germany | Case-control | Age- and sex-matched controls | 300/583 | No association between malignancies and BP was observed | n.a. | n.a. | >0.05 |
| Kridin K., et al. (49) | 2022 | Israel | Case-control | Age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls | 3,924/19,280 |
History of melanoma
Risk of melanoma Higher prevalence of melanoma in BP patients |
1.53
1.13 n.a. |
1.14-2.06
0.73-1.74 n.a. |
0.004
0.587 0.004 |
| Shen W.C., et al. (42) | 2022 | Taiwan | Cohort-study | Age- and sex- matched controls | 252/1,008 | Cancer mortality | 1.87 | 1.01-3.45 | <0.05 |
| Titou H., et al. (31) | 2022 | Morocco | Case-control | Age- and sex-matched controls | 81/162 |
Significant association of BP with
Malignancy |
n.a. | n.a. | 0.017 |
Data in bold indicate statistically significant results.
BP, bullous pemphigoid; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; n.a, not available.