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Schematic illustrations of experimental set-ups to evaluate temperature changes measured by Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and thermocouple (TC): (a) evaluations of white plastic tube covering TC tip, (b) ex vivo porcine liver tissue tests with 18- and 22-mm glass tubes (top) and balloon catheter-integrated diffusing applicator (bottom), and (c) ex vivo esophagus tissue tests. A 980 nm laser light was irradiated at 30 W for 90 s for all testing.
