Table 2.

The anticancer role of flavonols in breast cancer.

Flavonoid	Cell Line	Mechanism	Result	Refs.
Kaempferol	MCF-7	cyklin D1 and cyklin E	Antiproliferative activity	[44]
		p21	Antiproliferative activity	[44]
		pIRS-1, pAkt, and pMEK1/2,pERK1/2	Antiproliferative activity	[44]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[44,46]
	VM7LUC4E2	Bcl-xl	Induced apoptosis	[47]
		Expression of p-eIF2α and CHOP	Induced apoptosis	[47]
	MDA-MB-231	MMP-3	Anti-invasion activity	[49]
		MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[50]
		Caspase-3 and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[51]
		×RhoA and Rac1	Antimigration activity Anti-invasion activity	[52]
	MDA-MB-453	×RhoA and Rac1	Antimigration activity Anti-invasion activity	[52]
Myricetin	T47-D	caspase-3	Induced apoptosis	[64]
		GADD45	Induced apoptosis	[64]
		Bax	Induced apoptosis	[64]
	MCF-7	caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[65]
		Bax Bcl	Induced apoptosis	[65,66]
		p53	Induced apoptosis	[65]
		GADD45	Induced apoptosis	[65]
		expression MEK1/2	Anti-invasion activity	[66]
		expression p-ERK1/2	Anti-invasion activity	[66]
		GSK3β	Induced apoptosis	[66]
		expression β-kateniny	Induced apoptosis	[66]
		cyklin D1	Induced apoptosis	[66]
	MDA-MB-231	p38	Induced apoptosis	[67]
		pERK1/2	Induced apoptosis	[67]
	MDA-MB-231Br	MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[68]
	MDA-MB-468	p38	Induced apoptosis	[67]
		pERK1/2	Induced apoptosis	[67]
	SK-BR-3	Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[69]
		p-JNK i p-38	Induced apoptosis	[69]
		expression p-ERK1/2	Induced apoptosis,	[69]
		expression p-mTOR/t-mTOR	Induced autophagy	[69]
		bekliny1 and LC 3-II/I	Induced autophagy	[69]
Quercetin	MCF-7	m-TOR and p-m-TOR	Antiproliferative activity	[70]
		Akt, p-Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR	Antiproliferative activity	[70,71]
		PI3K and p-PI3K	Antiproliferative activity	[70]
		cyklin D1, A, and B	Antiproliferative activity	[70,72,73]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[70,74,75,76,77]
		p21, p53, and p57	Antiproliferative activity and Induced apoptosis	[72,73,78,79]
		mir-146	Antiproliferative activity	[76]
		p38MAPK	Inhibited cancer growth	[72]
		MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[71]
		VEGF	Anti-invasion activity	[71]
		caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-7 caspase-8, and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[73,74,75,76,78,80]
		RIPK1 and RIPK3	Induced necroptosis	[74]
		p-JAK2 p-STAT1	Promoted apoptosis	[81]
	MDA-MB-231	Akt/mTOR.	Antimigration activity and antiproliferative activity	[71,82]
		Bax	Induced apoptosis	[76,77]
		caspase-3	Induced apoptosis	[76,77]
		p53 and p21	Antiproliferative activity	[83]
		mir-146	Antiproliferative activity	[76]
		IGF1/IGF1R	Suppressed edepitheliale–mesenchymal transition (EMT)	[84]
		ALDH1A1, CXCR4, EpCAM, and MUC1	Anti-invasion activity	[85]
		MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[71,84]
		VEGF	Anti-invasion activity	[71]
		JNK	Induced apoptosis	[83]
	MDA-MB-435	Akt/mTOR	Antimigration activity and antiproliferative activity	[82]
	BT474	caspase-3 and caspase-8	Induced apoptosis	[86]
	BT 20	caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-8	Induced apoptosis	[80]
Fisetin	4T1	MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[87]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Antiproliferative activity	[88]
		p-PI3K/PI3K,	Antiproliferative activity	[88]
		p-Akt/Akt,	Antiproliferative activity	[88]
		p-mTOR and i-mTOR	Antiproliferative activity	[88]
	MCF-7	MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[89]
		caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[90]
	MDA-MB-231	MMP-2 and MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[89]
		PI3K	Antiproliferative activity	[91]
	MDA-MB-453	p-Akt	Antiproliferative activity	[92]
		PI3K	Antiproliferative activity	[92]
Galangin	T47D	caspase-3 and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[93]
		pPERK, pGRP78, pCHOP, and peIF2a	Antiproliferative activity	[93]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[93]
	MCF-7	caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9	Induced apoptosis	[93,94]
		pPERK, pGRP78, pCHOP, and peIF2a	Antiproliferative activity	[93]
		cyclin B1, D3, A, and E	Antiproliferative activity	[94]
		p-PI3K and p Akt	Antiproliferative activity	[94]
		p21, p27, and p53	Antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis	[94]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[93]
		VEGF and ERK1	Anti-invasion activity	[95]
	ER- Hs578T	cyclin D3, A, and E	Antiproliferative activity	[96]
	MDA-MB-231	VEGF and ERK1	Anti-invasion activity	[95]
Isorhamnetin	MCF-7	p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, and p-ULK	Antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis	[97]
		Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[98]
		caspase-3	Induced apoptosis	[98]
	MDA-MB-231	p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, and p-ULK	Antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis	[97]
	MDA-MB-468	Bcl-2 Bax	Induced apoptosis	[98]
		caspase-3	Induced apoptosis	[98]
Morin	MDA-MB-231	VCAM1	Anti-invasion activity	[99]
		MMP-9	Anti-invasion activity	[100]
		p-AKT	Antiproliferative activity	[100]
		mesenchymal marker N-cadherin	Suppressed epitheliale–mesenchymal transition (EMT)	[100]

x—Blocking the activation.