Table 3.
Mean dietary content of nutrients in the diet according to the dietary share of ultra-processed foods.
| Nutrient | Quintile of Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in the Diet (% of Total Energy Intake) |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | ||
| Energy intake | 1767.6 | 2018.0 | 2143.9 | 2122.9 | 2179.0 | 0.010 |
| Proteins (g) | 96.7 | 102.9 | 103.7 | 98.7 | 92.7 | 0.42 |
| Fats (g) | 48.8 | 58.6 | 67.4 | 67.0 | 73.7 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 233.1 | 269.0 | 279.4 | 280.0 | 282.1 | 0.023 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 26.3 | 25.8 | 27.8 | 25.4 | 23.1 | 0.17 |
| Sodium | 4081.0 | 4290.7 | 4781.6 | 4535.3 | 4575.2 | 0.13 |
| Saturated fats (g) | 16.5 | 19.1 | 22.7 | 22.5 | 22.9 | 0.001 |
| Ca (mg) | 384.9 | 459.4 | 521.2 | 498.0 | 563.4 | 0.015 |
| P (mg) | 1142.4 | 1266.7 | 1231.8 | 1226.2 | 1225.1 | 0.58 |
| Mg (mg) | 228.3 | 234.7 | 255.9 | 241.8 | 282.2 | 0.12 |
| Mn (mg) | 2.21 | 2.20 | 2.84 | 2.53 | 5.49 | 0.08 |
| Fe (mg) | 9.04 | 9.63 | 10.2 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 0.020 |
| K (mg) | 2286.6 | 2361.9 | 2404.6 | 2394.0 | 2329.9 | 0.76 |
| Cu (mg) | 2.44 | 1.73 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 0.93 | 0.06 |
| Zn (mg) | 10.8 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 0.55 |
| Vitamin A (mcg) | 1614.2 | 1224.3 | 602.8 | 431.3 | 342.2 | 0.06 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 0.86 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.66 | <0.001 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.20 | 1.32 | 1.23 | 1.18 | 1.26 | 0.94 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.80 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 1.09 | 0.20 |
| Niacin (mg) | 19.5 | 21.6 | 18.6 | 20.4 | 23.4 | 0.27 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 134.3 | 212.2 | 116.7 | 144.3 | 147.9 | 0.72 |
| Se (mg) | 83.6 | 85.3 | 81.5 | 84.5 | 91.7 | 0.49 |
| Vitamin D (mg) | 2.23 | 3.53 | 2.08 | 2.59 | 3.09 | 0.58 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 4.48 | 4.68 | 4.34 | 4.40 | 7.05 | 0.25 |
| Cobalamin (mg) | 7.93 | 8.54 | 5.67 | 8.04 | 4.10 | 0.23 |
| Monounsaturated fat(g) | 14.3 | 17.4 | 20.1 | 19.8 | 20.6 | 0.001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 11.0 | 13.5 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 14.7 | 0.025 |
| Omega 3 (g) | 1.10 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.77 | 1.27 | 0.24 |
| Omega 6 (g) | 9.52 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0.026 |
| Trans fat (g) | 1.33 | 1.73 | 2.07 | 2.70 | 3.03 | <0.001 |
The values referring to the average estimates of macronutrients and micronutrients were obtained from the nutritional analysis of individual intakes, using the food composition tables as a reference.