Table 1.

The relationship between AVAR and clock power-law noises [51].

Power-Law Noise	Coefficient	Allan Variance Relationship
White Phase Noise (WPN)	$h_2$	$\frac{4{\pi }^2{\tau }^2{\sigma }_y^2\left(\tau \right)}{3f_h}$
Flicker Phase Noise (FPN)	$h_1$	$\frac{4{\pi }^2{\tau }^2{\sigma }_y^2\left(\tau \right)}{1.038+3ln(2\pi f_h\tau )}$
White Frequency Noise (WFN)	$h_0$	$2{\pi }^2{\sigma }_y^2\left(\tau \right)$
Flicker Frequency Noise (FFN)	$h_{-1}$	$\frac{{\sigma }_y^2\left(\tau \right)}{2ln\left(2\right)}$
Random Walk Frequency Noise (RWFN)	$h_{-2}$	$\frac{3{\sigma }_y^2\left(\tau \right)}{2{\pi }^2\tau }$