Table 4.

Studies on clinical efficacy of CBD-based products in the treatment of behavioral disorders in dogs.

Study design	Treatment	Results	References
Replicated 4×4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the influence of a CBD industrial hemp extract incorporated into treats on behavioral responses to fear-inducing stimuli in 16 dogs.	1.4 mg/kg of CBD orally 4–6 h prior the test.	The results of the current study did not provide strong support of an anxiolytic effect of CBD in dogs.	(74)
Placebo controlled study design to determine if a 5% CBD based oil affects stress related behavior in 12 shelter dogs.	1 drop of oil/2 kg (~1.25 mg/kg) of CBD orally once a day for 45 days.	Aggressive behavior toward humans decreased significantly over time in CBD treatment group. However, in the pairwise comparisons, only the T0-T2 (45th day) comparison was significant.	(75)
Blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel design study to determine the anxiolytic effect of a CBD based hemp derived distillate incorporated into soft gel capsules in dogs experiencing a separation event (n. = 21) or a car travel (n. = 19).	~ 4 mg/kg of CBD orally 2 h prior the test.	The mitigating effect of CBD treatment varied by outcome measures and tests, with some indicating a significant reduction in canine stress compared to the placebo group.	(76)