Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| N (F, M) | Age (y) | Weight (kg) | Height (cm) | MMSE | FAB | HAM-D | SSS | SSI-4 | VHI | LRs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PWS | 53 (24, 29) | 16.7 ± 7.6 | 51.6 ± 16.2 | 159.2 ± 17.6 | 29.5 ± 0.7 | 17.5 6 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 20.5 ± 9.0 | 48.3 ± 22.32 | 0.84 ± 0.21 |
| cPWS | 20 (9, 11) | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 34.5 ± 13.6 | 141.1 ± 15.1 | 29.7 ± 0.7 | 17.6 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 20.0 ± 8.9 | 48.1 ± 21.7 | 0.62 ± 0.21 |
| yPWS | 33 (15, 18) | 21.3 ± 5.8 | 61.9 ± 5.2 | 170.2 ± 6.1 | 29.4 ± 0.8 | 17.4 6 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 20.8 ± 9.2 | 48.5 ± 22.8 | 0.6 ± 0.30 |
| C | 71 (29, 44) | 16.2 ± 6.5 | 51.1 ± 16.2 | 157.5 ± 17.7 | 29.4 ± 0.8 | 17.4 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | – | – | – | – |
| cC | 31 (12, 19) | 9.6 ± 1.5 | 37.2 ± 1.4 | 140.1 ± 10.5 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | 17.3 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | – | – | – | – |
| yC | 40 (17, 23) | 21.1 ± 3.9 | 61.9 ± 10.7 | 170.6 ± 8.1 | 29.5 ± 0.7 | 17.5 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | – | – | – | – |
N, number; C, the whole group of controls (children and younger adults); cC, controls in prepubertal age; yC, younger adult controls in postpubertal age; PWS, the whole group of people with stuttering; cPWS, children people with stuttering in the prepubertal age; yPWS, younger adult people with stuttering in the postpubertal age; FAB, frontal assessment battery; HAM-D, hamilton depression rating scale; MMSE, mini-mental state evaluation; SSI-4, stuttering severity instrument 4; SSS, stuttering severity scale; VHI, voice handicap index; LR, likelihood ratio. LR scores were calculated from the sustained emission of a vowel in people with stuttering. Results are expressed as average ± standard deviation.