Table 1.

Patient characteristics for all patients with DB during the COVID acute phase and at first consultation

	Dysfunctional breathing (N=48)
Demographics
Age, years, mean (SD)	48.5 (15.0)
Women, n (%)	33 (68.8)
COVID-19 to long COVID visit/CPET, days, median (IQR)	211.5 (117.8)
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)	26.6 (4.6)
Coexisting conditions, n (%)
Cardiovascular comorbidity*	3 (6.2)
Diabetes mellitus	2 (4.2)
Hypertension	7 (14.6)
Obesity	11 (22.9)
History of asthma	7 (14.6)
Smoking status
Never	33 (68.8)
Current	2 (4.2)
Former	13 (27.1)
COVID-19 acute infection characteristics
WHO severity score, n (%)
1	34 (70.8)
2	9 (18.8)
3	4 (8.3)
4	1 (2.1)
Hospitalisation, yes, n (%)	7 (14.6)
Intensive care unit, yes, n (%)	2 (4.2)
Specific complications, yes, n (%)†	5 (10.4)
Treatments during COVID acute infection, n (%)
Oral corticotherapy	7 (14.9)
Inhaled corticotherapy	3 (6.4)
Antibiotics	12 (25.5)
Immunosupressor‡	1 (2.1)
Therapeutic anticoagulation	3 (6.4)
Physical fitness before COVID-19
Physical activity level per week, n (%)§
1	6 (12.5)
2	19 (39.6)
3	16 (33.3)
4	7 (14.6)
mMRC dyspnoea scale, n (%)
0	44 (93.6)
1	3 (6.4)
≥2	0 (0.0)
Physical fitness at long COVID visit
Lower physical activity level, yes, n (%)	48 (100.0)
mMRC dyspnoea scale, n (%)
1	6 (12.8)
2	20 (42.6)
3	16 (34.0)
4	5 (10.6)

*Cardiovascular comorbidity defined as the presence of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease.

†Three cases of pulmonary embolism, one case of myopericarditis, one case of central sleep apnoea.

‡One patient received hydroxychloroquine prescribed before the long COVID consultation.

§Self-evaluated weekly physical activity according to four levels of activity: (1) sedentary, (2) mild, (3) moderate and (4) intense.

BMI, body mass index; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; DB, dysfunctional breathing; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council;