Table 1.
Baseline demographics
| Cases (n=40) |
Controls (n=20) |
P Value |
|||
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Sex—n, (%) | >0.9 | ||||
| Male | 20 | (50) | 10 | (50) | |
| Female | 20 | (50) | 10 | (50) | |
| Age—years, median (IQR) | 66 | (58–69) | 66 | (57–69) | 0.6 |
| Body mass index—kg/m2 | 25.8 | (24.0–28.9) | 28.5 | (26.0–30.0) | 0.2 |
| Race—n, (%) | 0.3 | ||||
| White | 40 | (100) | 19 | (95) | |
| Hispanic | – | 1 | (1) | ||
| Baseline risk factors—n, (%) | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 7 | (18) | 2 | (10) | 0.7 |
| Hypertension | 26 | (65) | 13 | (65) | >0.9 |
| Diabetes | 12 | (30) | 4 | (20) | 0.4 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 27 | (68) | 10 | (50) | 0.2 |
| History of smoking | 29 | (72) | 9 | (45) | 0.037 |
| History of radiation therapy | 5 | (12) | 1 | (5) | 0.7 |
| Baseline medications—n, (%) | |||||
| Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors | 9 | (22) | 4 | (22) | >0.9 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 4 | (10) | 4 | (22) | 0.2 |
| Beta blockers | 18 | (45) | 9 | (50) | 0.7 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 8 | (20) | 4 | (22) | >0.9 |
| Diuretics | 16 | (40) | 9 | (50) | 0.6 |
| Statin | 17 | (42) | 9 | (50) | 0.2 |
| Cancer stages—n, (%) | |||||
| Stage I | 1 | (2.5) | 2 | (10) | 0.008 |
| Stage II | 0 | (0) | 3 | (15) | |
| Stage III | 14 | (35) | 9 | (45) | |
| Stage IV | 25 | (62) | 6 | (30) | |
| Cancer therapy during the study period—n, (%) | |||||
| Surgery | 2 | (5) | 3 | (15) | 0.3 |
| Radiation therapy | 7 | (18) | 6 | (30) | 0.3 |
| Chemotherapy | 18 | (45) | 9 | (45) | >0.9 |
| Platin based therapy | 13 | (32) | 8 | (40) | 0.6 |
| Taxol based therapy | 5 | (12) | 2 | (10) | >0.9 |
| Pemetrexed | 11 | (28) | 5 | (25) | 0.8 |
| Gemcitabine | 2 | (5.0) | 1 | (5.0) | >0.9 |
| Etoposide | 1 | (2.5) | 2 | (10) | 0.3 |
| Irinotecan | 0 | (0) | 1 | (5.0) | 0.3 |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | 1 | (2.5) | 1 | (5.0) | >0.9 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy—n, (%) | |||||
| Programmed death-protein 1 | 20 | (50) | |||
| Programmed death-ligand-1 | 14 | (35) | |||
| Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and Programmed death-protein 1 and Programmed death-ligand-1 | 6 | (15) | |||
| Immune-related adverse events—n, (%) | |||||
| Any immune-related adverse event | 19 | (48) | |||
| Gastrointestinal | 9 | (23) | |||
| Lung | 11 | (28) | |||
| Skin | 5 | (12) | |||
| Liver | 2 | (5) | |||
| Endocrine | 2 | (5) | |||
| Steroid therapy for immune-related adverse events | 18 | (95) | |||