Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included infants*
| Characteristics | HFNC (n=53) | COT (n=49) |
| Sex (male/female) | 29/24 | 27/22 |
| Age at surgery (months; mean±SD) | 4.0±0.8 | 3.7±1.1 |
| Weight at surgery (kg; mean±SD) | 6.5±1.2 | 6.1±1.5 |
| Underlying disease, n (%)† | 32 (60) | 25 (51) |
| Oxygen demand before FB, n (%) | 33 (62) | 28 (55) |
| Baseline FiO2 before FB | 0.45±0.10 | 0.40±0.15 |
| COT before FB, n (%) | 20 (61) | 16 (57) |
| HFNC before FB, n (%) | 13 (39) | 12 (43) |
| Duration of FB examination (min) | 12.5±2.0 | 13.4±1.8 |
| BAL, n (%) | 31 (58) | 26 (53) |
| Sedative drug, n (%) | ||
| Midazolam | 29 (55) | 20 (41) |
| Propofol | 45 (85) | 39 (80) |
| Ramsey Score>3 (%) | 86.5 | 83.3 |
| Congenital heart disease, n (%) | ||
| VSD+ASD | 27 | 23 |
| VSD | 15 | 13 |
| ASD | 6 | 8 |
| PDA | 5 | 5 |
| CPB time (minutes; mean±SD) | 118.1±25.1 | 116.3±28.6 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (minutes; mean±SD) | 55.3±18.1 | 52.9±21.5 |
*There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups of infants. P values were obtained using χ2 analysis or t-tests.
†Underlying disease included asthma, pneumonia, atelectasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, recurrent wheezing and recurrent bronchitis.
ASD, atrial septal defect; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; COT, conventional oxygen therapy; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; FB, fibreoptic bronchoscopy; FiO2, fraction of inspiratory oxygen; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect.