Table 3.

Modelling assumptions

	Theoretical basis	Perspective	Time horizon	Forms of uncertainty explicitly considered*
CAPACITI	Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) embedded in broader problem-structuring framework	Flexible	N/A	Parameter; criteria weighting
PriorityVax	MCDA embedded in broader problem-structuring framework	Flexible	N/A	Parameter; criteria weighting
HIPtool	Synthesise evidence	Health system	N/A
Optima	Impact model: dynamic compartmental models; costing: logistic cost function model; global optimisation to minimise outcome (eg, DALYs) or costs to achieve defined outcomes	Health system	Do not know	Parameter
OneHealth (spectrum suite)	Impact model: module specific (eg, LiST for child and maternal health interventions, or TIME a dynamic compartmental model for TB); costing: ingredients-based costing	Flexible	100 years fixed time horizon	Parameter
LiST	Impact model: static equation-based model; costing: ingredient-based costing	Flexible	Maximum until 2050	Parameter
EQUIST	Bottleneck analysis and statistical analysis of changes to effective coverage based on strategies’ bottleneck reduction; impact analysis: based on LiST; costing: based on LiST and OneHealth	Health system	Maximum until 2050

*The two forms of uncertainty in the table include: (1) Parameter—uncertainty in tool input values; (2) criteria weighting—uncertainty in the relative importance of criteria (MCDA specific). Users can explore different scenarios using the tools, including EQUIST, which can be used to assess uncertainty. As this feature is not automated but requires developing new analyses we do not include it in the table. Other forms of uncertainty such as model structural uncertainty are not explicitly considered by the tool and are thus not included.

CAPACITI, Country-led Assessment for Priortisation in Immunisation; EQUIST, EQUitable Strategies to Save Lives Tool; HIPtool, Health Interventions Priortisation tool; LiST, Lives Saved Tool; MCDA, multicriteria decision analysis; N/A, not available.