Summary of findings 1. Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively versus urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatively in kidney transplant patients.
| Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively versus urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatviely in kidney transplant patients | |||||
| Patient or population: postoperative kidney transplant patients Setting: hospital Intervention: early removal of a urinary catheter Comparison: late removal of a urinary catheter | |||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (RCTs) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | |
| Risk with late urinary catheter removal | Risk with early urinary catheter removal | ||||
| Incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria | 267 per 1,000 | 237 per 1,000 (45 to 1,000) | RR 0.89 (0.17 to 4.57) | 197 (2) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low 1 2 |
| Incidence of symptomatic UTI | Not measured | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Incidence of major urological complications | Not measured | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio; UTI: urinary tract infection | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | |||||
1 Neither patients nor staff were blinded to the treatment arm in Zomorrodi 2018. Akbarzadehpasha 2014 has very limited information as it is just a conference abstract
2Zomorrodi 2018 did not provide a clear definition of asymptomatic bacteriuria, instead describing this outcome as 'infection of urine'