Table 3.
Gamma regression models showing significant associations of aortic valve calcification (AVC) score with age and inflammation in male patients with kidney failure (KF)
| AVC score | Males (n = 209) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate† | |||||
| Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age | 1.14 | 1.11–1.17 | < 0.001 | 1.29 | 1.07–1.14 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.89 | 0.84–0.94 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| SBP, mmHg | 0.96 | 0.95–0.97 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| DBP, mmHg | 0.93 | 0.90–0.97 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| DM, yes | 0.11 | 0.07–0.16 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Renal replacement therapy | 10.42 | 6.80–16.00 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Malnutrition, SGA > 1 | 0.10 | 0.06–0.17 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| ACE-inhibitors/ARBs | 17.63 | 9.96–31.20 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Beta-blockers | 22.65 | 12.52–40.97 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Ca2+ channel blockers | 2.80 | 0.93–8.48 | 0.070 | – | – | – |
| Statins | 0.47 | 0.20–1.11 | 0.085 | – | – | – |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.04 | 3.64–6.98 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| HDL, mmol/L | 0.18 | 0.12–0.29 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.41 | 0.31–0.53 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Lipoprotein(a), mmol/L | 0.99 | 0.997 -0.998 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Apolipoprotein-A1, g/L | 0.06 | 0.03–0.12 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 1.01 | 1.005 -1.008 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 0.86 | 0.85–0.88 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| TNF, pg/mL | 0.90 | 0.80–1.02 | 0.109 | – | – | – |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 2.61 | 2.29–2.98 | < 0.001 | 1.16 | 1.04–1.29 | 0.010 |
| AGE, skin AF | 2.56 | 0.86–7.62 | 0.093 | – | – | – |
| GDF-15, ng/mL | 4.47 | 3.62–5.52 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
| YKL-40, ng/mL | 1.02 | 1.02–1.03 | < 0.001 | – | – | – |
Bold p-values signify significance
Gamma regression model (log link), values are presented as relative rates using inverse transformation of each value
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, AF autofluorescence, AGE advanced glycation end-products, ARB angiotensin receptor-blockers, AVC aortic valve calcification, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, GDF-15 growth differentiation factor 15, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IL-6 interleukin-6, SBP systolic blood pressure, SGA subjective global assessment, TNF tumour necrosis factor, YKL-40 chitinase-3-like protein 1
†Multivariate analysis includes all those significant variables presented in the univariate analyses