Table 4.
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is significantly associated with mortality in female kidney failure patients, independent of age
| Mortality | Males (n = 177) | Females (n = 92) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Univariate | |||||
| Odds ratios | 95% CI | p-value | Odds ratios | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age | 1.10 | 1.10–1.14 | 0.001 | 1.10 | 1.03–1.18 | 0.004 |
| SBP, mmHg | 0.96 | 0.93–0.98 | 0.001 | 0.97 | 0.94 -1.00 | 0.082 |
| DM, yes | 2.67 | 0.96–7.33 | 0.061 | 10.35 | 2.56–41.7 | 0.001 |
| Smoking, yes | 14.10 | 2.45–80.9 | 0.003 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Albumin, g/L | 0.89 | 0.82–0.97 | 0.011 | 0.81 | 0.69–0.94 | 0.007 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.15 | 1.01–1.32 | 0.036 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| AGE, skin AF | 2.67 | 1.20–5.97 | 0.017 | 1.53 | 0.82–2.84 | 0.184 |
| GDF-15, ng/mL | 1.22 | 1.04–1.45 | 0.018 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| ln(CAC + 1) | 1.64 | 1.24–2.18 | 0.001 | 1.66 | 1.15–2.39 | 0.007 |
| Multivariate† | Multivariate† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratios | 95% CI | p-value | Odds ratios | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.88–1.15 | 0.906 | 1.05 | 0.97–1.13 | 0.276 |
| SBP, mmHg | 1.05 | 0.98–1.11 | 0.149 | 0.97 | 0.94–1.00 | 0.067 |
| Albumin, g/L | 0.93 | 0.72–1.21 | 0.601 | 0.75 | 0.60–0.95 | 0.019 |
| GDF-15, ng/mL | 1.35 | 1.03–1.77 | 0.032 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| ln(CAC + 1) | 1.21 | 0.71–2.05 | 0.486 | 1.76 | 1.12–2.78 | 0.015 |
Bold p-values signify significance. n/a signifies a lack of appropriate datapoints to perform analysis
Logistic regression was performed using logarithmic coronary artery calcification expressed as ln(CAC + 1)
AF autofluorescence, AGE advanced glycation end-products, CAC coronary artery calcification, DM diabetes mellitus, GDF-15 growth differentiation factor 15, IL-6 interleukin-6, SBP systolic blood pressure
†Multivariate analysis includes all those significant variables presented in the univariate analyses