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PICOS statement
| Population |
| Children, adults and elderly of all ages and with or without chronic conditions |
| Intervention |
| Pneumococcal, influenza and/or COVID-19 vaccination (all vaccine types) |
| Comparison |
| Vaccinated versus unvaccinated (placebo) or vaccinated with other vaccine type |
| Outcome |
| Antibiotic use (all types) or antibiotic prescriptions |
| Study design |
| Randomised controlled trials, observational studies (case-cohort, control, cross-sectional), modelling studies, cost studies |
