Table 1. Characteristics and clinical presentation of cases of the Q fever outbreak, Bizkaia, Spain, December 2020–October 2021 (n = 108 cases).
| Epidemiological data | Group investigated | Total (n = 132) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climbers (n = 9) | Visitors (n = 108) | Staffa (n = 15) | ||||||
| Cases (n) | ||||||||
| Confirmed | 5 | 81 | 2 | 88 | ||||
| Probable | 1 | 16 | 3 | 20 | ||||
| Total | 6 | 97 | 5 | 108 | ||||
| Visit date to the cave | Dec 2020–Jan 2021 | Mar 2021–Apr 2021 | May 2021–Oct 2021 | Dec 2020–Oct 2021 | ||||
| Median age in years (range) | ||||||||
| Males | 37 (29–48) | 40 (1–68) | 43 (22–58) | 42 (1–68) | ||||
| Females | NA | 40 (6–61) | 31 (31) | 39 (6–61) | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Males | 6 | 100 | 59 | 60.8 | 4 | 80.0 | 69 | 63.9 |
| Females | 0 | 0 | 38 | 39.2 | 1 | 20.0 | 39 | 36.1 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||||||
| Pneumonia | 5 | 83.3 | 48 | 49.5 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 49.0 |
| Fever | 1 | 16.7 | 42 | 43.3 | 2 | 40.0 | 45 | 41.7 |
| Asymptomatic | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 60 | 10 | 9 |
| Seroconversion | 4 | 66.7 | 48 | 49.5 | 1 | 20.0 | 53 | 49.1 |
| Hospitalisation | 4 | 66.7 | 23 | 23.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 27 | 25.0 |
a Cleaning and disinfection team and a regional police officer.
NA: not applicable.