Table 3.
Predictors of nicotine intake among pod-mod e-cigarette users, as measured by urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE)
| Variable | df | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: All participants | |||
| Age | 1 | 6.36 | .014 |
| Race | 4 | 1.56 | .19 |
| E-liquid nicotine strength | 1 | 0.67 | .42 |
| Pods per week | 3 | 6.81 | <.001 |
| EC use in last 30 days | 1 | 21.1 | <.001 |
| NNAL (pg/mg creatinine) | 1 | 11.8 | <.001 |
| Model 2: E-cigarette only users (NNAL-verified nonsmokers) | |||
| Age | 1 | 5.63 | .02 |
| Race | 4 | 1.38 | .25 |
| E-liquid nicotine strength | 1 | 0.59 | .44 |
| Pods per week | 3 | 6.02 | <.001 |
| EC use in last 30 days | 1 | 18.7 | <.001 |
| Model 3: E-cigarette only users (self-report and NNAL-verified) | |||
| Age | 1 | 13.64 | <.001 |
| Race | 4 | 1.34 | .28 |
| E-liquid nicotine strength | 1 | 3.74 | .06 |
| Pods per week | 3 | 9.74 | <.001 |
| EC use in last 30 days | 1 | 10.34 | <.001 |
The TNE measured was TNE7, the molar sum of nicotine and 6 of its metabolites. In Model 1, all participants were included, and independent variables included demographics, e-cigarette use behavior and device characteristics, and urinary NNAL. In Model 2, biochemically verified cigarette smokers were excluded (n = 39), and the model included demographics and e-cigarette use and device characteristics. In Model 3, self-reported smokers and biochemically verified cigarette smokers (n = 56) were excluded and the model included demographics and e-cigarette use and device characteristics.