Table 2.
Multivariable Correlates of 12-Month Tobacco, Cannabis, and Concurrent Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among Black Adolescents in the United States, 2015–2019
| No. of adolescents | Tobacco use | Cannabis use | Concurrent tobacco and cannabis use | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | AOR (95% CI) | % | AOR (95% CI) | % | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Survey year | — | — | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | — | 1.10 (1.03, 1.18) ** | — | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) |
| Demographic predictors | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 4534 | 7.1 | (ref.) | 13.0 | (ref.) | 8.6 | (ref.) |
| Female | 4483 | 5.2 | 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) ** | 11.8 | 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) ** | 5.6 | 0.59 (0.44, 0.81) ** |
| Age | |||||||
| 12–13 | 2.0 | (ref.) | 2.2 | (ref.) | 1.5 | (ref.) | |
| 14–15 | 2793 | 4.8 | 1.70 (1.12, 2.59) * | 10.9 | 3.80 (2.58, 5.61) *** | 5.9 | 2.42 (1.31, 4.45) ** |
| 16–17 | 3039 | 11.3 | 3.47 (2.31, 5.20) *** | 23.1 | 7.55 (5.17, 11.01) *** | 13.3 | 5.60 (3.12, 10.07) *** |
| Family income, $ | |||||||
| <20 000 | 3017 | 6.8 | (ref.) | 11.3 | (ref.) | 7.3 | (ref.) |
| 20 000–49 999 | 3342 | 6.4 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) | 13.2 | 1.06 (0.83, 1.34) | 7.7 | 0.93 (0.66, 1.31) |
| 50 000–74 999 | 1095 | 6.8 | 0.99 (0.67, 1.48) | 12.3 | 0.84 (0.61, 1.17) | 8.0 | 1.25 (0.78, 2.01) |
| ≥75 000 | 1563 | 4.0 | 0.46 (0.31, 0.69) *** | 12.7 | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 5.0 | 0.56 (0.35, 0.89) * |
| Setting | |||||||
| Large metropolitan | 5426 | 5.8 | (ref.) | 13.1 | (ref.) | 6.7 | (ref.) |
| Small metropolitan | 2499 | 6.3 | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 11.0 | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) ** | 7.5 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.39) |
| Nonmetropolitan (rural) | 1092 | 8.3 | 1.71 (1.22, 2.39) ** | 11.5 | 0.92 (0.68, 1.23) | 8.8 | 1.51 (0.98, 2.35) |
| Covariates | |||||||
| Alcohol use (past 12 months) | |||||||
| No | 7641 | 3.5 | (ref.) | 6.58 | (ref.) | 1.9 | (ref.) |
| Yes | 1376 | 21.9 | 5.30 (4.05, 6.92) *** | 46.4 | 8.74 (7.15, 10.68) *** | 17.2 | 7.07 (5.16, 9.69) *** |
| Other drug use (Past 12 months) | |||||||
| No | 8367 | 4.9 | (ref.) | 10.6 | (ref.) | 3.2 | (ref.) |
| Yes | 650 | 22.0 | 3.32 (2.42, 4.54) *** | 36.3 | 3.23 (2.43, 4.28) *** | 15.9 | 3.29 (2.29, 4.73) *** |
| Human capital development factors | |||||||
| Social and emotional development | — | — | 0.90 (0.82, 0.98) * | — | 0.84 (0.78, 0.91) *** | — | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95) *** |
| Cognitive development | |||||||
| Low | 1529 | 10.2 | (ref.) | 21.4 | (ref.) | 12.8 | (ref.) |
| High | 6738 | 4.9 | 0.67 (0.51, 0.89) ** | 10.7 | 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) *** | 5.7 | 0.68 (0.49, 0.95) * |
| Overall physical health | |||||||
| Poor | 435 | 11.0 | (ref.) | 18.6 | (ref.) | 12.7 | (ref.) |
| Good | 8579 | 5.9 | 0.55 (0.34, 0.89) * | 12.1 | 0.67 (0.45, 0.99) * | 6.8 | 0.59 (0.33, 1.05) |
| Mental health: 12-month MDE | |||||||
| No | 7824 | 5.9 | (ref.) | 11.5 | (ref.) | 6 | (ref.) |
| Yes | 871 | 7.7 | 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) | 20.6 | 1.17 (0.88, 1.55) | 10.7 | 0.84 (0.55, 1.27) |
*p ≤.05; **p ≤.01; ***p ≤.001. Unweighted sample sizes and weighted percentages are presented. All variables listed were included in the multivariable model to predict tobacco, cannabis, and concurrent tobacco and cannabis use. AOR = multivariable adjusted odds ratio, Ref. = reference category, MDE = Major depressive episode, CI = confidence intervals.