Table 2.
Estimated Hazard Function* (95% Confidence Interval) of the Onset of Mental Health Symptoms Stratified by Use Status and Cohort in Youth/Emerging Adults, W9–W14, TATAMS
| Ever cigarette use | Ever e-cigarette use | Ever cannabis use | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Age (years) | Depressive symptoms | |||||
| Cohort 1 | ||||||
| 15 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 16 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 1.3 (0.5–3.5) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
| 17 | 8.1 (7.2–9.2) | 11.4 (8.6–15.1) | 7.5 (6.5–8.7) | 10.8 (9.0–13.1) | 7.8 (6.7–9.1) | 9.7 (8.0–11.6) |
| 18 | 23.4 (19.5–22.6) | 23.9 (19.3–28.7) | 14.4 (12.9–16.0) | 23.8 (21.1–26.8) | 16.2 (14.5–18.1) | 23.8 (21.2–26.6) |
| 19* | 45.7 (42.3–45.9) | 74.1 (68.8–79.1) | 35.6 (33.4–37.9) | 53.1 (49.4–56.9) | 41.2 (38.1–44.6) | 63.7 (60.0–67.3) |
| Cohort 2 | ||||||
| 17 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 18 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) |
| 19 | 6.3 (5.4–7.3) | 5.4 (4.2–6.9) | 6.6 (5.5–7.8) | 5.4 (4.4–6.6) | 6.5 (5.4–7.8) | 6.0 (4.9–7.2) |
| 20 | 16.2 (14.8–17.8) | 19.5 (17.3–33.0) | 17.0 (15.2–18.8) | 20.4 (15.7–22.4) | 12.5 (11.0–14.2) | 20.7 (18.9–22.6) |
| 21.5 | 46.3 (43.7–49.1) | 57.7 (54.5–60.9) | 43.2 (41.9–45.8) | 53.5 (50.9–56.2) | 37.0 (33.4–40.8) | 55.2 (52.8–57.7) |
| 22 | N/A | 66.2 | N/A | 62.8 | N/A | 61.6 (57.7–65.50) |
| Cohort 3 | ||||||
| 18 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 19 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| 20 | 3.7 (3.0–4.6) | 2.9 (2.1 –3.1) | 3.3 (2.5–4.4) | 3.5 (3.2–5.1) | 3.0 (2.2–4.1) | 3.5 (2.9–4.3) |
| 21 | 11.6 (10.4–13.1) | 10.3 (9.0 –11.8) | 12.1 (10.6–13.9) | 10.9 (9.7–12.1) | 11.4 (9.8–13.2) | 11.2 (10.0–12.4) |
| 22 | 23.7 (22.0–25.6) | 27.9 (25.8–30.2) | 25.4 (23.2–27.7) | 29.7 (27.8–31.6) | 17.5 (15.6–19.7) | 29.8 (28.0–31.6) |
| 23 | 46.5 (43.9–49.0) | 48.5 (46.0–51.0) | 42.8 (39.6–46.1) | 49.8 (47.7–51.9) | 39.7 (37.0–42.6) | 51.3 (49.3–53.4) |
| 24 | 64.5 (60.2–68.9) | 66.2 (60.3–72) | 56.5 (51.7–61.5) | 65.8 (59.7–71.9) | 52.0 (49.1–55.1) | 65.7 (59.8–71.5) |
| Anxiety symptoms | ||||||
| Cohort 1 | ||||||
| 15 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 16 | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.6 (0.1–2.6) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.6 (0.3–1.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
| 17 | 7.4 (6.1–9.5) | 8.6 (6.2–11.9) | 8.3 (7.2–9.6) | 8.4 (6.8–10.3) | 8.1 (6.9–9.4) | 6.2 (4.8–7.9) |
| 18 | 21.7 (20.1–23.3) | 27.0 (22.8–31.9) | 21.8 (20.1–23.7) | 22.5 (19.8–25.5) | 22.0 (20.1–23.9) | 22.3 (19.9–25.0) |
| 19* | 51.8 (49.5–54.2) | 68.9 (64.1–73.5) | 53.3 (50.2–56.6) | 57.4 (54.0–60.8) | 47.0 (42.6–51.7) | 63.3 (59.8–66.8) |
| Cohort 2 | ||||||
| 17 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 18 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.1 (0.0–0.5) |
| 19 | 5.5 (4.7–6.4) | 4.9 (3.8–6.4) | 5.9 (4.9–7.0) | 4.6 (3.7–5.8) | 6.7 (5.6–8.0) | 4.5 (3.7–5.6) |
| 20 | 16.9 (15.5–18.5) | 18.8 (16.6–21.2) | 17.1 (15.4–19.0) | 17.8 (16.1–19.7) | 13.8 (12.3–15) | 19.1 (17.4–21.0) |
| 21 | 37.6 (35.6–40.7) | 51.8 (48.6–55.2) | 38.1 (35.7–40.5) | 46.6 (43.9–49.3) | 32.9 (30.5–35.4) | 48.1 (45.5–50.8) |
| 22 | 53.2 (49.9–56.5) | 60.3 (57.1–63.6) | 52.5 (48.8–56.3) | 57.7 (54.9–60.4) | 53.7 (49.9–57.6) | 58.3 (61.1–73.7) |
| Cohort 3 | ||||||
| 18 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 19 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| 20 | 3.6 (2.9–4.5) | 2.5 (1.9–3.4) | 4.4 (3.5–5.6) | 2.1 (1.7–2.8) | 3.6 (3.0–4.8) | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) |
| 21 | 11.2 (10.0–12.6) | 11.6 (10.1–13.2) | 11.4 (9.9–13.2) | 11.1 (9.9–12.4) | 10.8 (9.2–12.6) | 12.5 (11.3–13.8) |
| 22 | 26.8 (25.0–28.8) | 30.6 (28.5–32.7) | 25.3 (23.1–27.6) | 30 (28.3–31.8) | 30.0 (21.6–26.5) | 30.1 (28.5–31.9) |
| 23 | 42.5 (40.5–44.6) | 53.0 (50.7–55.3) | 43.6 (41–46.3) | 50.7 (48.7–52.7) | 39.1 (36.5–41.8) | 51.3 (49.3–53.3) |
| 24 | 57.7 (55.7–59.7) | 63.8 (60.0–67.6) | N/A | 71.9 (67.8–75.9) | 44.6 (41.7–51.1) | 70.0 (65.9–73.9) |
Bold indicates statistical significance, p < .05.
Hazards are reported as cumulative percentages (ie, cumulative incidence).
N/A: there was not enough sample size to estimate a stable initiation at this age.
*This age represents 19 years old and 4 months.