Table 2.
Association between kidney diseases and mortality.
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | PAR, % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
| All-cause mortality | |||||||
| No known kidney disease | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| AKI without CKD | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) | <.001 | 1.53 (1.39–1.69) | <.001 | 1.54 (1.36–1.74) | <.001 | 1.54 |
| CKD without AKI | 2.54 (2.41–2.69) | <.001 | 1.84 (1.74–1.95) | <.001 | 2.02 (1.88–2.17) | <.001 | 2.02 |
| AKI with CKD | 4.30 (3.91–4.73) | <.001 | 3.07 (2.78–3.38) | <.001 | 3.26 (2.90–3.66) | <.001 | 3.26 |
| ESKD | 5.93 (4.79–7.35) | <.001 | 4.93 (3.98–6.12) | <.001 | 5.63 (4.40–7.20) | <.001 | 5.63 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | |||||||
| No known kidney disease | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | Ref. | – | |
| AKI without CKD | 1.65 (1.47–1.85) | <.001 | 1.72 (1.53–1.93) | <.001 | 1.78 (1.54–2.06) | <.001 | 1.78 |
| CKD without AKI | 2.61 (2.44–2.79) | <.001 | 2.06 (1.92–2.21) | <.001 | 2.28 (2.09–2.49) | <.001 | 2.28 |
| AKI with CKD | 4.77 (4.27–5.33) | <.001 | 3.71 (3.31–4.17) | <.001 | 3.99 (3.47–4.59) | <.001 | 3.99 |
| ESKD | 6.14 (4.83–7.79) | <.001 | 5.44 (4.29–6.91) | <.001 | 6.46 (4.93–8.46) | <.001 | 6.46 |
AKI: acute kidney injury; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; PAR: population-attributable risk.
Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: adjusted for multiple variables (age, sex, insurance type, stroke, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and contrast medium volume).