Table 3.

Association between kidney disease stratified by severity stages and mortality.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		p Trend
	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value
All-cause mortality
No known kidney disease	Ref.	–	Ref.	–	Ref.	–	<.001
AKI
Stage 1	1.44 (1.29–1.60)	<.001	1.54 (1.38–1.72)	<.001	1.55 (1.35–1.77)	<.001
Stage 2	2.00 (1.18–3.37)	.010	2.02 (1.19–3.42)	.009	1.99 (1.03–3.84)	.040
Stage 3	5.10 (2.43–10.71)	<.001	4.85 (2.31–10.19)	<.001	6.81 (3.05–15.19)	<.001
CKD
Stage 1 or 2	2.66 (2.32–3.04)	<.001	1.57 (1.37–1.80)	<.001	1.50 (1.26–1.78)	<.001
Stage 3	2.64 (2.48–2.81)	<.001	1.94 (1.82–2.07)	<.001	2.15 (1.99–2.33)	<.001
Stage 4	4.52 (4.04–5.04)	<.001	3.46 (3.09–3.87)	<.001	3.66 (3.21–4.17)	<.001
Stage 5	6.13 (4.93–7.63)	<.001	5.10 (4.10–6.35)	<.001	5.98 (4.66–7.69)	<.001
Cardiovascular mortality
No known kidney disease	Ref.	–	Ref.	–	Ref.	–	<0.001
AKI
Stage 1	1.62 (1.43–1.83)	<.001	1.70 (1.50–1.92)	<.001	1.80 (1.53–2.11)	<.001
Stage 2	2.45 (1.37–4.38)	.002	2.48 (1.38–4.48)	.003	2.13 (0.96–4.75)	.063
Stage 3	7.88 (3.43–18.11)	<.001	7.61 (3.19–18.11)	<.001	10.36 (3.72–28.89)	<.001
CKD
Stage 1 or 2	2.32 (1.97–2.74)	<.001	1.58 (1.34–1.88)	<.001	1.48 (1.19–1.85)	<.001
Stage 3	2.75 (2.55–2.95)	<.001	2.19 (2.03–2.36)	<.001	2.45 (2.23–2.70)	<.001
Stage 4	4.90 (4.32–5.55)	<.001	4.02 (3.54–4.57)	<.001	4.52 (3.87–5.28)	<.001
Stage 5	6.27 (4.92–8.00)	<.001	5.59 (4.38–7.14)	<.001	6.81 (5.15–9.00)	<.001

AKI: acute kidney injury; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: adjusted for multiple variables (age, sex, insurance type, stroke, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and contrast medium volume).