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. 2023 Jul 13;12(2):2231573. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2231573

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 3. — Protection efficacy of the H1Delta protein vaccine to homologous H1N1 and heterologous H5N8. (A-D) Groups of 6-to-8-week-old female BALB/c mice (n = 8) were vaccinated with three immunizations of 2 or 10 μg immunogen with an adjuvant of AddaVax in 3-week intervals. PBS with the adjuvant was given as a control. Serum samples were collected 35 and 56 days after initial immunization. Mice were intranasally challenged with 20 LD₅₀ of A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1) virus. Lung tissues were harvested and split for virus titer detection (n = 3) and pathological examination (n = 3), respectively. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by measuring (A) morbidity (weight loss), (B) mortality (survival), (C) lung viral titers on day 3 post challenge, and (D) histological pathology analyses. (E-H) Groups of 6-to-8-week-old female BALB/c mice (n = 8) were vaccinated with three immunizations of 2 or 10 μg immunogen with an adjuvant of AddaVax in 3-week intervals. PBS with the adjuvant was used as a control. Serum samples were collected 35 and 56 days after initial immunization. Mice were intranasally challenged with 10 LD₅₀ of reassortment A/Astrakhan/3212/2020(H5N8) virus. Lung tissues were harvested and split for virus titer detection (n = 3) and pathological examination (n = 3), respectively. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by measuring (E) morbidity (weight loss), (F) mortality (survival), (G) lung viral titers on day 3 post challenge, and (H) histological pathology analyses. Differences were compared using two-tail unpaired t test (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).